Life of Christ (in progress)

TFRDN7@gmail.com

July 01, 2023

Contents

1 §110. The Parable of the Householder (Matt 13:51–53)
2 Jesus Goes to Jerusalem! (Luke 9:51–56)
3 Hindrances to a Disciple (Matt 8:19–22; Luke 9:57–62)
4 Jesus Preaches at the Feast of Tabernacles (John 7:11–8:1)
5 §144. Jesus and the Adulteress (John 8:1–11)
6 §144. Jesus and the Adulteress (John 8:1–11)
7 §149. Jesus—The True Shepherd (John 10:1–6)
8 §151. The Seventy Commissioned (Luke 10:1–12)
9 §152. Woes on the Impenitent Cities (Luke 10:13–16)
10 §153. The Seventy Return: The Blessing in Disguise (Luke 10:17–24)
11 §154. The Good Samaritan (Luke 10:25–37)
12 §155. Jesus with Mary and Martha - Priority of a Disciple (Luke 10:38–42)
13 §156. Jesus Teaches How to Pray (Luke 11:1–4)
14 §157. Jesus Teaches About Prayer (Luke 11:5–13)
15 §158. Jesus Opens His Judean Ministry Amidst Rejection (Luke 11:14–28)
16 §159. Jesus Cautions His Hearers (Luke 11:29–36)
17 §160. Jesus Condemns the Pharisees (Luke 11:37–54)
18 §161. Jesus Warns Against Hypocrisy (Luke 12:1–12)
19 §162. Jesus Warns Against Materialism (Luke 12:13–21)
20 §163. Jesus Warns Against Anxiety (Luke 12:22–34)
21 §164. Jesus Warns Against Indifference or Laziness (Luke 12:35–40)
22 §165. Jesus Warns Against Abuse of Authority (Luke 12:41–48)
23 §170. Jesus Heals a Cripple on the Sabbath (Luke 13:10–17) Hypocrisy of False Religion
24 §171. Kingdom Parables: Growth and Transformation (Luke 13:18–21)
25 §172. Jesus Claims to Be God (John 10:22–39)

1 §110. The Parable of the Householder (Matt 13:51–53)

Introduction

  51. Jesus said to them, “Have you understood all these things?” They said to Him, “Yes, Lord.” 52 Then He said to them, “Therefore every scribe instructed concerning the kingdom of heaven is like a householder who brings out of his treasure things new and old.” 53 Now it came to pass, when Jesus had finished these parables, that He departed from there.

1.
The background of this passage is important to understand this Parable.
2.
If I ask you why Jesus spoke in parables? Most popular response would be some thing like this” ’Jesus spoke in parables because it was easier for common people to comprehend complex spiritual truths.
3.
The same question was asked to Jesus by his disciples and what was his response? Mat 13:11. He answered and said to them, “Because it has been given to you to know the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, but to them it has not been given. …13 Therefore I speak to them in parables, because seeing they do not see, and hearing they do not hear, nor do they understand. Though it may look strange, Jesus spoke parables to so that people will not understand. Why is it so? Let me explain quickly.
4.
Look at Matthew chapter 12 and we see that in spite of clear teaching and numerous miracles, the multitude refused to accept Jesus as the promised Messiah. Jesus, therefore, reveled the mysteries only to the disciples and not to the multitudes. Obviously, the mystery he reveled through the seven parables in Mathew 13 refers to the church.
5.
This is the context of the text for this talk.

Exposition

  51. Jesus said to them, “Have you understood all these things?” They said to Him, “Yes, Lord.”

1.
After giving these parables and explanation of some of them, Jesus ask the disciple the question: ”Have you understood all these things?”
2.
The first point that I want share is the importance of understanding God’s word. It is of no use to read or even memories Bible with out understanding what the Holy Spirit want to communicate through what we read or heard.
3.
What was the response of the disciples? They said: ”Yes,Lord”. Did they understood all things? The rest of this gospel clearly shows that they did not understand many things. Then, where these disciples telling lie? No at all.
4.
The second point I want to share is that just like these disciples eventually grow mighty in the word, so is also our growth progressive. so take effort to grow in your understanding.It involves life long devotion to the word.

  52. Then He said to them, “Therefore every scribe instructed concerning the kingdom of heaven is like a householder who brings out of his treasure things new and old.”

1.
This parable speaks of the scribe of the kingdom of heaven. Who is scribe? Scribe is a man learned in the Mosaic law and in the sacred writings, an interpreter, teacher. Scribes examined the more difficult and subtle questions of the law; added to the Mosaic law decisions of various kinds thought to explain its meaning and scope. Since the advice of men skilled in the law was needed to find the solution of the difficult questions.
2.
The term instructed is the verb form of the noun ’disciple’ in the original language: (matheteuo). This means that the scribe which Jesus refers is a disciple of the Lord who is instructed by the Lord. It speaks of disciple of the Lord, who is instructed by the Lord.
3.
The third point that I want to speak is that we must be taught by the Lord concerning his church and the ministry of the Word.
4.
The second part of this verse is a small parable: like a householder who brings out of his treasure things new and old. NT teacher or disciple is likened to an owner of house who give food to the members of the house.
5.
Some food is old: like oil, wine, nuts, grains, etc. Some are new: like fruits and vegetables. A healthy meal comprises of both. A good house owner will ensure balanced diet.
6.
The fourth point that I want to tell is that, similarly, the Lord expect his disciples’ teaching should involve both old revelation as well as new. Both are ’connected’ but ’distinct.’ What does it mean?
7.
Let’s look at Jesus himself. He was the promised Messiah of the OT. Jews expected a reigning king like David or Solomon. This is true also. However, it also has a new perspective. He is also a suffering servant. Both these revelations are connected, but distinct.
8.
The entire OT revelation and the NT revelation needs to be combined to have a health understanding of the Word of God. I will give three examples:
9.
(A) Peter say’s in his epistle that we are the royal priest. NT does not define who is a priest and what are his functions. Whereas the OT give details of who is a priest and what are his functions. In the OT only the sons of Aaron will be the priest and they ministered in the temple performing the sacrifices for the rest of the Israel. Today we are his priest and should intercede for the people of this world and perform the ’sacrifice’ of Christ to the world.
10.
(B) Paul says concerning the wilderness journey that: 1 Co 10:6. Now these things became our examples, to the intent that we should not lust after evil things as they also lusted. So every event and every instruction in the OT is relevant to us, but distinct. Christian journey is like the wilderness journey: the danger, the warning, the insights, and the direction that we require in our daily life is there in the OT.
11.
(C) The dietary laws: How does we understand the OT dietary laws which says you should not eat unclean animals but only the clean ones. Many think that these are not applicable and do not read those portions. How should a NT believer understand this? First ask this question. Why the Lord gave such a rule in the OT? It is to show that His people are different from the rest of the nations. This principle is applicable today also. But our life, we should show that we are different from the people of the world.
12.
So the fourth point is that our teaching should blend or combine both OT and NT.

  53. Now it came to pass, when Jesus had finished these parables, that He departed from there.

1.
.

Application

1.
Understand: Understand what the Holy Spirit is teach us from every time we read or hear the word of God.
2.
Progression: We also needs to Progress in our understanding of the scripture.
3.
Instruction: We need to be instructed or discipled by the Lord with insights about life and ministry from his word.
4.
Blending:Our teaching and learning must involve every blending both OT and NT.
5.
Example: Ezr 7:10. For Ezra had prepared his heart to seek the Law of the LORD, and to do it, and to teach statutes and ordinances in Israel.

F. Rewards for Assisting the Ministry (Matt 10:40–42)

Introduction

Discipleship is very costly and it even demands our own life.
Disciple will receive nothing but rejection, shame and persecution
Why a good God allows His disciple t undergo such suffering?
its answer is important to the integrity of Jesus

Exposition

10:40. “He who receives you receives Me, and he who receives Me receives Him who sent Me.

1.
receives you
(a)
We are ambassadors of Christ or agents of bringing salvation
(b)
We cannot forgive sin, but can announce the forgiveness in Christ
2.
receives Me
(a)
Messianic claim that the Father has sent Him.
(b)
Faith in God is impossible without faith in Jesus.
(c)
See the progression: Father, Jesus, Prophet, Righteous, and Little ones.

10:41. He who receives a prophet in the name of a prophet shall receive a prophet’s reward. And he who receives a righteous man in the name of a righteous man shall receive a righteous man’s reward.

1.
Receive a Prophet:
(a)
Prophet is a messenger of God, not necessarily telling future.
(b)
Indirect reference to John the Baptist: He never performed any miracle nor any future prediction.
(c)
John’s life and ministry is a proof to the Messianic fulfilment in Jesus.
(d)
These disciples are future apostles and prophets.
(e)
Receiving prophet means, giving hospitality to them because they belong to Jesus, especially in the time of persecution.
2.
Reward:
(a)
If there is reward for such a small thing, what will the reward for great things?
(b)
Everything, even the insignificant things done by insignificant disciple will be counted for reward.
(c)
God keeps an account of every minute details of our ministry.
(d)
Persecution is an immediate reality while the Reward is an eternal hope
3.
Prophet’s reward

(a)
What an encouragement to those who are not prophets!
(b)
John Calvin was banished from Geneva for preaching the full truth from WoG. In response he said, “Most assuredly, if I had merely served man, this would have been a poor reward. But it is my happiness that I have served Him who never fails to reward His servants to the full extent of His promise.”

10:42. And whoever gives one of these little ones only a cup of cold water in the name of a disciple, assuredly, I say to you, he shall by no means lose his reward.”

Whoever
(a)
Lord is gracious and He is eager to give reward
(b)
The reward is much higher than the work
little ones
(a)
believers who are insignificant to the human eye
cup of water
(a)
No one can give an excuse that he is not able to do this
Reward
(a)
Doctrine of eternal reward is essential to understand the Love of God

Application

1.
Expecting reward from the Lord is a reflection of faith because the reward is now invisible
2.
Work hard for the Lord because the reward is proportional to the work
3.
Realize the suffering involved in following Jesus is actually an advantage in eternity
4.
In God’s magnificent grace, even the least believer can share the blessings of the greatest, and everyone’s good work will be rewarded

2 Jesus Goes to Jerusalem! (Luke 9:51–56)

Introduction

Lord completes His Galilean ministry and started His final journey to Jerusalem. He left Galilee and entered Samaria and faced rejection there. Lord uses this as an opportunity to teach his disciples that the ministry should characterise grace and mercy of the Lord even when it is rejected.

Exposition

51. Now it came to pass, when the time had come for Him to be received up, that He steadfastly set His face to go to Jerusalem,

When time had come: Jesus waited on the father for all his action. He is dictated not by human plan and suggestion.
Steadfastly set His face: Determination of the Lord to accomplish the task before Him. The word face is repeated three times in this passage indicating his focus.

52. and sent messengers before His face. And as they went, they entered a village of the Samaritans, to prepare for Him.

Sent messengers shows that the ministry of Jesus was not random or impulsive. It was carefully planned and meticulously executed. These messengers were probably some of his disciples who went ahead and made preparations for his ministry.
Samaritans: are half Jews. They belong to the ten northern tribes who went to captivity during Assyrian aggression. They consider only the Pentateuch as authentic, they think the place of worship is mount Gilgal and not Jerusalem. They mingled with many gentile nations. Hence, Jews will not associate with Samaritans. They will not normally travel through Samaria to go to Jerusalem.
Samaritans: spiritual state is well described by 2 Kings 17:24–33. Then the king of Assyria brought people from Babylon, Cuthah, Ava, Hamath, and from Sepharvaim, and placed them in the cities of Samaria instead of the children of Israel; and they took possession of Samaria and dwelt in its cities. 25 And it was so, at the beginning of their dwelling there, that they did not fear the LORD; therefore the LORD sent lions among them, which killed some of them. 26 So they spoke to the king of Assyria, saying, “The nations whom you have removed and placed in the cities of Samaria do not know the rituals of the God of the land; therefore He has sent lions among them, and indeed, they are killing them because they do not know the rituals of the God of the land.” 27 Then the king of Assyria commanded, saying, “Send there one of the priests whom you brought from there; let him go and dwell there, and let him teach them the rituals of the God of the land.” 28 Then one of the priests whom they had carried away from Samaria came and dwelt in Bethel, and taught them how they should fear the LORD. 29 However every nation continued to make gods of its own, and put them in the shrines on the high places which the Samaritans had made, every nation in the cities where they dwelt. 30 The men of Babylon made Succoth Benoth, the men of Cuth made Nergal, the men of Hamath made Ashima, 31 and the Avites made Nibhaz and Tartak; and the Sepharvites burned their children in fire to Adrammelech and Anammelech, the gods of Sepharvaim. 32 So they feared the LORD, and from every class they appointed for themselves priests of the high places, who sacrificed for them in the shrines of the high places. 33 They feared the LORD, yet served their own gods—according to the rituals of the nations from among whom they were carried away.

53. But they did not receive Him, because His face was set for the journey to Jerusalem.

They did not receive Him: This reminds of the reception Jesus received two year back. We read that in John 4:39–42. And many of the Samaritans of that city believed in Him because of the word of the woman who testified, “He told me all that I ever did.” 40 So when the Samaritans had come to Him, they urged Him to stay with them; and He stayed there two days. 41 And many more believed because of His own word. 42 Then they said to the woman, “Now we believe, not because of what you said, for we ourselves have heard Him and we know that this is indeed the Christ, the Savior of the world.”
Jerusalem: Reason for rejection is that Jesus was going to Jerusalem. The Samaritans limited the canon to the Pentateuch. As a result, they accepted as authoritative only Deut. 12:5. “But you shall seek the place where the Lord your God chooses, out of all your tribes, to put His name for His dwelling place; and there you shall go.. For a Samaritan, ”the place” had already been chosen by God and the identity of the location would be found in the Pentateuch itself. The Jews, on the other hand, viewed the statement as forward-pointing to future revelation. The Jew concluded Jerusalem was the place: there David determined to build a temple to God, and God solemnly authorized his son Solomon to do so. There sacrifice was divinely sanctioned, the temple site retaining its significance when Zerubbabel rebuilt it after it was destroyed, and when later still Herod rebuilt it. The Samaritans used the following Pentateuch-based logic to support their identification of ”the place” as Gerizim:

(a)
The first place Abraham built an altar after entering the Promised Land was in Shechem, overlooked by Mount Gerizim
(b)
God instructed the covenant community to shout the blessings from Mount Gerizim once they had entered the promised land (Deut. 11:29. “And it shall come about, when the Lord your God brings you into the land where you are entering to possess it, that you shall place the blessing on Mount Gerizim and the curse on Mount Ebal.)
(c)
Both instances of the 10 Commandments (Ex. 20:17, Dt. 5:21) in the Samaritan Bible are followed by words very similar to those found in (Dt. 27:2-7), tying the Commandments themselves to Gerizim.

54. And when His disciples James and John saw this, they said, “Lord, do You want us to command fire to come down from heaven and consume them, just as Elijah did?”

James and John: Mark 3:17. James the son of Zebedee and John the brother of James, to whom He gave the name Boanerges, that is, “Sons of Thunder”;. They were with Jesus during the transfiguration and met Elijah. One must accept the zeal and boldness of these disciples.

55. But He turned and rebuked them, and said, “You do not know what manner of spirit you are of.

Rebuked: Why the Lord rebuked them, especially when many rejected Jesus and these disciples were with the Lord. The root cause is more than zeal, ignorance and deep rooted hatred towards Samaritans.

(a)
God told Elijah and it was not the idea of Elijah. 2 Kings 1:3–4. But the angel of the LORD said to Elijah the Tishbite, “Arise, go up to meet the messengers of the king of Samaria, and say to them, ‘Is it because there is no God in Israel that you are going to inquire of Baal-Zebub, the god of Ekron?’ 4 Now therefore, thus says the LORD: ‘You shall not come down from the bed to which you have gone up, but you shall surely die.’” So Elijah departed.
(b)
Hence, Elijah brought fire. 2 Ki 1:10. So Elijah answered and said to the captain of fifty, “If I am a man of God, then let fire come down from heaven and consume you and your fifty men.” And fire came down from heaven and consumed him and his fifty..
(c)
Ministry of Elijah was controlled by God and not dictated by whims and facies of Elijah.

56. For the Son of Man did not come to destroy men’s lives but to save them.” And they went to another village.

1.
Zeal is good, but when not accompanied by knowledge is dangerous.
2 Cor 10:4. For the weapons of our warfare are not carnal but mighty in God for pulling down strongholds, 5casting down arguments and every high thing that exalts itself against the knowledge of God, bringing every thought into captivity to the obedience of Christ, 6and being ready to punish all disobedience when your obedience is fulfilled.
2.
Disciples failed to understand the mission of Jesus and what He expected from His disciples.
Manner of spirit: The second reason for the rebuke is the motive is this judgement was not out of their zeal for the Lord, but raised out of their hatred to Samaritans. Note that these disciples did not responded when Pharisees and multitudes rejected Christ.

Applications

1.
Focus and determination is required in life and ministry. Deal with distractions.
2.
Patient waiting, careful planning, and meticulous execution marks the ministry of the church. Let the Spirit control our ministry.
3.
Zeal without knowledge is dangerous for it invites rebuke from the Lord rather than rewards. Knowledge without zeal is useless.
4.
Ministry is receiving mercy/grace and showing it to even those who reject it. Vengeance belong to God.

3 Hindrances to a Disciple (Matt 8:19–22; Luke 9:57–62)

Introduction

1.
In the midst of rejection, Lord teaches the nature of discipleship which is not a means for instant power and position but rejection by the world.
2.
Key to the passage is the triple use of the word follow implying focused life long commitment to be a disciple.
3.
Needs a better understanding and presentation of the gospel since Jesus actually made it difficult to for these to follow.

Exposition

Case 1: Craving for comfort

57. Now it happened as they journeyed on the road, that someone said to Him, “Lord, I will follow You wherever You go.”

1.
Matthew says this person was a scribe.
2.
Surprising that in the midst of rejection, this scribe offered to follow Jesus.

58. And Jesus said to him, “Foxes have holes and birds of the air have nests, but the Son of Man has nowhere to lay His head.”

1.
Jesus did not coarse people into his discipleship: instead made it difficult to follow him.
2.
Discipleship is not for a comfortable life; it is a life of self-denial.
3.
Discipleship is not for a secure life; it is a life of self-sacrifice.
4.
Discipleship requires trusting God in the midst of rejection.
5.
Count the cost: understand the demands of discipleship.

Case 2: Misplaced priority

59. Then He said to another, “Follow Me.” But he said, “Lord, let me first go and bury my father.”

1.
The request seems reasonable ... but the assumption is family is more important than Jesus.
2.
Most likely he was asking for an indefinite time to serve.
3.
Delayed obedience is disobedience.

60. Jesus said to him, “Let the dead bury their own dead, but you go and preach the kingdom of God.”

1.
Harsh response: let the spiritually dead bury the physically dead
2.
Following the Lord is far more important than the greatest human responsibility on the earth.
3.
His problem is misplaced priority and loyalty.
4.
What excuse can be given for not proclaiming the kingdom of God?
5.
Proclaiming kingdom of God is proclaiming the King, admission into the kingdom, and benefits as its citizen.
6.
Lord demands complete dedication to him.

Case 3: Attachment to this world

61. And another also said, “Lord, I will follow You, but let me first go and bid them farewell who are at my house.”

1.
Seems to be genuine request.

62. But Jesus said to him, “No one, having put his hand to the plow, and looking back, is fit for the kingdom of God.”

1.
Attachment to the old life - the worldly life.

Application

1.
Understanding of the gospel: Discipleship is the result of God’s calling and voluntary submission to pay the price. Salvation is free but discipleship is costly for it involves self-denial.
2.
Presentation of the gospel: True conversion is not an emotional one time prayer made, but a life-long dedication. Lord wants (and He deserves) quality disciples.
3.
Crave for self-denial: Look for voluntarily undergo hardship and sacrifice in my life. Then make it a habit of life. Problem of flesh.
4.
Rephrased priority: Devote time for ministry when there is pending physical responsibilities. There is no genuine excuse before the Lord. Problem of pride.
5.
Detachment to this world: Problem of the worldly value system. Remember Lot’s wife.

Song

 Down in the valley with my Savior I will go,
 Where the flow’rs are blooming and the sweet waters flow;
 Everywhere He leads me I will follow, follow on,
 Walking in His footsteps till the crown be won.
 
 Follow! follow! I will follow Jesus!
 Anywhere, everywhere, I will follow on!
 Follow! follow! I will follow Jesus!
 Everywhere He leads me I will follow on!
 
 Down in the valley with my Savior I will go,
 Where the storms are sweeping and the dark waters flow;
 With His hand to lead me I will never, never fear,
 Danger cannot fright me if my Lord is near.
 
 Down in the valley, or upon the mountain steep,
 Close beside my Savior will my soul ever keep;
 He will lead me safely in the path that He has trod,
 Up to where they gather on the hills of God. 

4 Jesus Preaches at the Feast of Tabernacles (John 7:11–8:1)

Introduction

Jesus at Jerusalem during the feat of the tabernacle and all the associated Sabbath controversies

Exposition

10. But when His brothers had gone up, then He also went up to the feast, not openly, but as it were in secret.

1.
We can infer that Father has signalled and Jesus obeyed. His action was opposite of what his brothers expected: that is not public display but secretly.

11. Then the Jews sought Him at the feast, and said, “Where is He?”

1.
Jews are those from Jerusalem hostile to Jesus. They could do what they wanted in Jerusalem, since Galilee was under Herod Antipas.

12. And there was much complaining among the people concerning Him. Some said, “He is good”; others said, “No, on the contrary, He deceives the people.”

1.
Jews from Galilee and diaspora was soft on Jesus, but those from Judea was harsh on Him. The opinion of Jesus went from one extreme to other.
2.
Those who said that he was good cannot comprehend his deity.
3.
Those who allege deception continues this even after His resurrection.

13. However, no one spoke openly of Him for fear of the Jews.

1.
This indicates the hostility of the Jewish authorities understood by the whole nation and silently rejected Jesus.
2.
John 9:22 His parents said these things because they feared the Jews, for the Jews had agreed already that if anyone confessed that He was Christ, he would be put out of the synagogue.
3.
Jn 16:1-2. “These things I have spoken to you, that you should not be made to stumble. 2 They will put you out of the synagogues; yes, the time is coming that whoever kills you will think that he offers God service.

14. Now about the middle of the feast Jesus went up into the temple and taught.

1.
We do not know when Jesus reached the feast, what is important is that He obeyed His father’s timing and not His brothers.
2.
Rabbi’s normally taught people in the temple during festivals and Jesus also did the same, but drawn large crowds.
3.
Note that focus of Jesus was not privacy, but obeying His father.

15. And the Jews marveled, saying, “How does this Man know letters, having never studied?”

1.
Jews from Galilee generally are simple people and appreciated the teaching of Jesus.
2.
Mat 7:28 And so it was, when Jesus had ended these sayings, that the people were astonished at His teaching, 29 for He taught them as one having authority, and not as the scribes.
3.
Never studied is not how to read or write. Jews from Judea was surprised since Jesus had not studied with any Rabbis but still had great understanding of the scripture.
4.
This record eliminate many speculations such as Jesus went to India and leaned all magic!

16. Jesus answered them and said, “My doctrine is not Mine, but His who sent Me.

1.
Teachers who studied under great Rabbis will derive their authority from the style and tradition of their gurus.
2.
However, Jesus draws His authority by a life of complete obedience to the Father and declaring the revelation that His Father gives.
3.
These words of Jesus does not diminish the authority of Jesus in any way. While those teachers cling to their gurus, prophets of OT used the words ’Thus says the Lord’, Jesus state the truth that “I am the truth”

17. If anyone wills to do His will, he shall know concerning the doctrine, whether it is from God or whether I speak on My own authority.

1.
How to know what Jesus taught is true?
2.
Rabbi’s decided truth by debate, intellectual discussion and human reason.
3.
Basic consideration to verify Jesus teaching is not intellectual; but moral: i.e obedience to the Father.
4.
It does not teach that unless one reach some level of maturity then only He can know God; but a basic honest willingness to obey what the Lord teaches.
5.
The question is ‘Are you verifying the truth then walk away like Pilate?’ If so you will never reach the truth.
6.
Note also that the impossibility of finite and fallen human to verify the authenticity of divine claims.
7.
Heb 11:6. But without faith it is impossible to please Him, for he who comes to God must believe that He is, and that He is a rewarder of those who diligently seek Him
8.
the person who chooses to do God’s will discovers that Jesus’ teaching authentic Word of God.
9.
Application: Bible study without obedience and prayer is useless.
10.
Application: Prerequisite of finding God’s will: willingness to obey what ever the outcome may be.

18. He who speaks from himself seeks his own glory; but He who seeks the glory of the One who sent Him is true, and no unrighteousness is in Him.

1.
This verse explains the reason why the crows could not accept the words of Jesus.
2.
People preach with at least a part to boost the ego and self glory. Honesty and authentic is lacking.
3.
John 5:41 “I do not receive honor from men. 42 But I know you, that you do not have the love of God in you. 43 I have come in My Father’s name, and you do not receive Me; if another comes in his own name, him you will receive. 44 How can you believe, who receive honor from one another, and do not seek the honor that comes from the only God?
4.
Application: Our authenticity of teaching come from conformity to the scripture.

19. Did not Moses give you the law, yet none of you keeps the law? Why do you seek to kill Me?”

1.
Jesus cleverly show why the Jews could not believer in Him and that His teachings are authentic divine words.
2.
Moses gave them the law; but they are not obeying. And hence could not verify the authenticity of Jesus.
3.
Jesus proves that they do not follow the law by exposing their motive: they want to kill Jesus which is a direct violation of the law for the law says ’you shall not murder’.
4.
Application: Obedience to the law is pre-requisite to comprehend spiritual matters.

20. The people answered and said, “You have a demon. Who is seeking to kill You?”

1.
Remember: Mk 3:22 And the scribes who came down from Jerusalem said, “He has Beelzebub,” and, “By the ruler of the demons He casts out demons.”
2.
This the reason some say Jesus is a deceiver. The crowd unaware of the plot of Jews to kill Jesus, when they heard suddenly the accusation of Jesus that ’why do you seek to kill me?’

21. Jesus answered and said to them, “I did one work, and you all marvel.

1.
Jesus refers to the healing of the paralytic in chapter 5 which happened in Jerusalem.
2.
This miracle was not well received for they accused Jesus of violating the Sabbath.

22. Moses therefore gave you circumcision (not that it is from Moses, but from the fathers), and you circumcise a man on the Sabbath.

1.
Circumcision, unlike the emphasis given by Jews, it originated before Moses, for God commanded Abraham (Ge 17). Moses only formalized this at Sinai (Ex 12). Hence, Jesus said it came from fathers meaning patriarchs.
2.
Law says no work on Sabbath and the law also says to give circumcision on eighth day. A child born on Sabbath day had to be circumcised the next Sabbath. Which law is to be kept and which one to follow.
3.
They ‘violated’ the Sabbath for the sake of circumcision. In one sense Jews are consistently violating the Law.
4.
Nevertheless, this does not justify Jesus violating the law even though it is only in one day?

23. If a man receives circumcision on the Sabbath, so that the law of Moses should not be broken, are you angry with Me because I made a man completely well on the Sabbath?

1.
Lord is not justifying his violation of the Sabbath because Jews regularly violate the Sabbath for the sake of circumcision.
2.
Remember the words of Jesus in Mt 12:5. Or have you not read in the law that on the Sabbath the priests in the temple profane the Sabbath, and are blameless?. Here, the priests work on Sabbath with their priestly duties thus formally breaks the law. However, they are blameless because there is a hierarchy principle: i.e. administering priestly duties has a higher importance than Sabbath restriction. Thus the priests are blameless.
3.
Circumcision is viewed by Jews as perfecting work of God and so is also the Sabbath. What Jesus did was perfecting this man who was paralytic for 38 years is exactly what is expected from a circumcision. In other words, Jesus did not violated the Sabbath, but fulfilled it.
4.
There are other arguments to support the action of Jesus elsewhere. For example, Mt. 12:10. And behold, there was a man who had a withered hand. And they asked Him, saying, “Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath?”—that they might accuse Him. 11 Then He said to them, “What man is there among you who has one sheep, and if it falls into a pit on the Sabbath, will not lay hold of it and lift it out? 12 Of how much more value then is a man than a sheep? Therefore it is lawful to do good on the Sabbath.” 13 Then He said to the man, “Stretch out your hand.” And he stretched it out, and it was restored as whole as the other.

Mk. 2:23. Therefore the Son of Man is also Lord of the Sabbath.”.

5.
Thus, Jesus did not violated Sabbath, but fulfilled it.

24. Do not judge according to appearance, but judge with righteous judgment.”

1.
We are commanded to judge, but this judgement should not be on external ground, but based on righteous ground.
2.
Wrong judgement: external based on man made social norms often extending what God has not indented.
3.
Righteous judgement: based on the revealed moral will of God in the Scripture.
4.
We need moral and theological discernment. Dt 17:8-10. “If a matter arises which is too hard for you to judge, between degrees of guilt for bloodshed, between one judgment or another, or between one punishment or another, matters of controversy within your gates, then you shall arise and go up to the place which the Lord your God chooses. 9 And you shall come to the priests, the Levites, and to the judge there in those days, and inquire of them; they shall pronounce upon you the sentence of judgment. 10 You shall do according to the sentence which they pronounce upon you in that place which the Lord chooses. And you shall be careful to do according to all that they order you.

Application

1.
Obedience: prerequisite to understand the intend of in Scripture
2.
Discernment: expected from the disciple while applying the biblical principle in our practical daily life

5 §144. Jesus and the Adulteress (John 8:1–11)

Introduction

 

 

 

Exposition

 

1. But Jesus went to the Mount of Olives.

 

2. Now early in the morning He came again into the temple, and all the people came to Him; and He sat down and taught them.

 

3. Then the scribes and Pharisees brought to Him a woman caught in adultery. And when they had set her in the midst,

 

4. they said to Him, “Teacher, this woman was caught in adultery, in the very act.

 

5. Now Moses, in the law, commanded us that such should be stoned. But what do You say?”

 

6. This they said, testing Him, that they might have something of which to accuse Him. But Jesus stooped down and wrote on the ground with His finger, as though He did not hear.

 

7. So when they continued asking Him, He raised Himself up and said to them, “He who is without sin among you, let him throw a stone at her first.”

 

8. And again He stooped down and wrote on the ground.

 

9. Then those who heard it, being convicted by their conscience, went out one by one, beginning with the oldest even to the last. And Jesus was left alone, and the woman standing in the midst.

 

10. When Jesus had raised Himself up and saw no one but the woman, He said to her, “Woman, where are those accusers of yours? Has no one condemned you?”

 

11. She said, “No one, Lord.” And Jesus said to her, “Neither do I condemn you; go and sin no more.”

 

Application

 

 

6 §144. Jesus and the Adulteress (John 8:1–11)

Introduction

 

 

 

Exposition

 

1. But Jesus went to the Mount of Olives.  

Application

7 §149. Jesus—The True Shepherd (John 10:1–6)

Introduction

1.
Linked to the healing in the last chapter.
2.
Lord contrast his ministry to that of Pharisees.

Exposition

1. “Most assuredly, I say to you, he who does not enter the sheepfold by the door, but climbs up some other way, the same is a thief and a robber.

1.
Most assuredly: the message from the Lord is emphatic and the listeners are expected to heed to his words.
2.
Sheepfold: It is place where sheep was kept in separate shed which has a doorkeeper. He alone had the right to enter the sheepfold. He enters to feed and take care of the sheep.
3.
Thief and robber: They are the people entering the sheepfold to rob and destroy the sheep.

2. But he who enters by the door is the shepherd of the sheep.

1.
Shepherd: The one who enters through the door is the legitimate owner of the sheepfold. He owns the sheep and takes care of the well being of the sheep.
2.
It is obvious that in the context of the previous chapter the shepherd is referring to Jesus and the robbers are the Pharisees.
3.
OT is abundant with Lord’s anger toward the shepherds who are exploiting the flock. The prominent among them is:
4.
Ezk. 34:1-31. And the word of the Lord came to me, saying, 2 “Son of man, prophesy against the shepherds of Israel, …‘Thus says the Lord God to the shepherds: “Woe to the shepherds of Israel who feed themselves! Should not the shepherds feed the flocks? 3 You eat the fat and clothe yourselves with the wool; you slaughter the fatlings, but you do not feed the flock. 4 The weak you have not strengthened, nor have you healed those who were sick, nor bound up the broken, nor brought back what was driven away, nor sought what was lost; but with force and cruelty you have ruled them. 5 So they were scattered because there was no shepherd; and they became food for all the beasts of the field when they were scattered. …9 therefore, O shepherds, hear the word of the Lord! 10 Thus says the Lord God: “Behold, I am against the shepherds …I will cause them to cease feeding the sheep …I will deliver My flock from their mouths …‘For thus says the Lord God: “Indeed I Myself will search for My sheep and seek them out. …16 “I will seek what was lost and bring back what was driven away, bind up the broken and strengthen what was sick; but I will destroy the fat and the strong, and feed them in judgment.” 17 ‘And as for you, O My flock, thus says the Lord God: “Behold, I shall judge between sheep and sheep, between rams and goats. …23 I will establish one shepherd over them, and he shall feed them— My servant David. He shall feed them and be their shepherd. 24 And I, the Lord, will be their God, and My servant David a prince among them …30 Thus they shall know that I, the Lord their God, am with them, and they, the house of Israel, are My people,” says the Lord God.’ ” 31 “You are My flock, the flock of My pasture; you are men, and I am your God,” says the Lord God
5.
In the midst of this, Lord is standing as the good shepherd. For instance:
6.
Ps 23:1. The Lord is my shepherd …
7.
Ps. 80:1. Give ear, O Shepherd of Israel, You who lead Joseph like a flock; You who dwell between the cherubim, shine forth!
8.
Isa 40:11. He will feed His flock like a shepherd; He will gather the lambs with His arm, And carry them in His bosom, And gently lead those who are with young

3. To him the doorkeeper opens, and the sheep hear his voice; and he calls his own sheep by name and leads them out.

1.
Hear voice: Sheep know the voice and listens.
2.
By name: individual and personal call and inplies prior ownership.

4. And when he brings out his own sheep, he goes before them; and the sheep follow him, for they know his voice.

1.
Own: Lord own the sheep
2.
Follow: What is expected of the sheep.
3.
Know his voice: Familiar with shepherd’s voice.

5. Yet they will by no means follow a stranger, but will flee from him, for they do not know the voice of strangers.”

1.
For the same reason they will leave any false shepherds.
2.
Christ’s elect sheep inevitably follow him

6. Jesus used this illustration, but they did not understand the things which He spoke to them.

Application

1.
Listen to the voice of the Shepherd.
2.
Listen not other voices.
3.
Shepherd your flock.

8 §151. The Seventy Commissioned (Luke 10:1–12)

Introduction

1.
The purpose of this mission was twofold: first, to cover Israel with the gospel; and second, serve as a shadow the preaching of the gospel to the world.
2.
In Like 9:1–6 the 12 disciples were sent out on a mission to preach the kingdom, but now a larger group is sent.

Exposition

10:1. After these things the Lord appointed seventy others also, and sent them two by two before His face into every city and place where He Himself was about to go.

1.
Seventy:

(a)
Sanhedrin that rejected Jesus had also the 70 members. Num 11:16. So the LORD said to Moses: “Gather to Me seventy men of the elders of Israel …that they may stand there with you.
(b)
The number of nations listed in Gen 10 is also 70. Ge 10:1. Now this is the genealogy of the sons of Noah: Shem, Ham, and Japheth. And sons were born to them after the flood. 2 The sons of Japheth were …everyone according to his language, according to their families, into their nations. 20 These were the sons of Ham, according to their families, according to their languages, in their lands and in their nations. …31 These were the sons of Shem, according to their families, according to their languages, in their lands, according to their nations.
(c)
Children of Jacob went to Egypt are also 70. Ge 46:27. And the sons of Joseph who were born to him in Egypt were two persons. All the persons of the house of Jacob who went to Egypt were seventy.
(d)
Israel’s twelve tribes were separated into seventy clans according to Numbers 26. God clearly subdivided His nation into the same number of divisions as there were nations in the world. Deut 32:8. When the Most High divided their inheritance to the nations, When He separated the sons of Adam, He set the boundaries of the peoples According to the number of the children of Israel.
2.
Every City: Lord’s meticulous planning of ministry is seen here. They went to prepare the way.

10:2. Then He said to them, “The harvest truly is great, but the laborers are few; therefore pray the Lord of the harvest to send out laborers into His harvest.

1.
Harvest is great: Lord’s assessment of the need and the work. Shows the sovereignty of the Lord who has kept the harvest ready.
2.
More laborers are possible when those who hear the gospel will in turn become labourers.
3.
We need not manipulate or coerce laborers but rather prayer.

10:3. Go your way; behold, I send you out as lambs among wolves.

1.
Lambs among wolves: Warning given by the Lord. His disciples are innocent and vulnerable like a lamp. Enemies are shrewd and strong. Be humble, even if they were sent by God. It is not a threat, but a promise of His protection. Wolves may be referring to Scribes and Pharisees.
2.
Go your way” There is risk in ministry, that should not deter us from serving the Lord. This not an excuse to withdraw from serving the Lord.

10:4. Carry neither money bag, knapsack, nor sandals; and greet no one along the road.

1.
The mission is urgent and short. Lord has only about 6 more months before crucifixion.
2.
Greet no on: There is no time for socializing which will distract them from the mission.
3.
Lord offers provision for his ministry. The Lord reminds them of this at time of Lord’s Table Luke 22:35. And He said to them, “When I sent you without money bag, knapsack, and sandals, did you lack anything?” So they said, “Nothing.”

10:5. But whatever house you enter, first say, ‘Peace to this house.’

1.
Message is peace to those who accept. Lord offers the kingdom in peace, not by threatening them.

10:6. And if a son of peace is there, your peace will rest on it; if not, it will return to you.

1.
There is an inherent offense in the gospel even if we offered in peace and with sensitivity. Disciples need to preach and pray and the result is from the Lord.

10:7. And remain in the same house, eating and drinking such things as they give, for the laborer is worthy of his wages. Do not go from house to house.

1.
Laborer: All who work for the Lord will receive the reward.
2.
Eating and drinking such as they give: One shoudld not be choosy with foods (Not to be foody). Urgency of the mission shold not be compramised with pleasures of life.

10:8. Whatever city you enter, and they receive you, eat such things as are set before you.

1.
Such things set before you: Comforts of life.

10:9. And heal the sick there, and say to them, ‘The kingdom of God has come near to you.’

1.
Healing as a gift means it will happen with complete success. This healing is different from it as an answer to the prayer made trusting in the sovereignity of God.
2.
The focus of healing is annouce the unique message that the King is coming and hence receive him to be part of this kingdom.

10:10. But whatever city you enter, and they do not receive you, go out into its streets and say,

1.
Message is judgement to those who reject.

10:11. ‘The very dust of your city which clings to us we wipe off against you. Nevertheless know this, that the kingdom of God has come near you.’

1.
This disciples represented Jesus and rejecting them amounts to rejecting the one who sent them.
2.
The symbolic act of departing the city, including leaving its dust behind, shows that the city stands alone before God and must given answer for its actions.
3.
The cities that reject the message are warned that the kingdom came near, but opportunity was missed. Only accountability remains.

10:12. But I say to you that it will be more tolerable in that Day for Sodom than for that city.

1.
Sodom was probably the most wicked city in the OT and rejecting Christ receives more serious punishment.

Application

1.
Time available for us to fulfill the great commission given to us is of short duration, and hence niceties of life should not hinder it. There should be detachment from the affairs of the earth (attached-detachment).
2.
Praying for harvesters is absolutely necessary for those involved in the harvest. Mission happens in the context of prayer and God’s sovereignty. Success of the mission is workers are raised by the ministry.
3.
The laborer is worthy of his wages; in this context that wage was the necessities of life, and that was all.
4.
In spite of the rejection of the people, Lord shows compassion to the nation of Israel by sending his disciples with the gospel. We should likewise reach out in spite of rejection.

9 §152. Woes on the Impenitent Cities (Luke 10:13–16)

Introduction

1.
This an imprecation or curse by Jesus. It had two purpose:

(a)
To warn the cities visited by the seventy not to follow the lead of these three Galilean cities;
(b)
To serve notice on the three cities that the Messiah’s ministry to them had terminated.

Exposition

10:13. “Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! For if the mighty works which were done in you had been done in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repented long ago, sitting in sackcloth and ashes.

2.
Korazim. The exact location of this town is uncertain, and this verse is the only indication that Jesus visited it.
3.
Bethsaida: The miracle of the feeding of the five thousand was located near Bethsaida (9:10–17).
4.
Tyre and Sidon. These well-known cities represented the pagan world. The point was not that pagan cities would be excused but rather that the cities of Galilee would experience an even greater condemnation.
5.
Sitting in sackcloth and ashes. This was an ancient form of expressing mourning and repentance. 23 Sackcloth was a rough cloth made from goat’s hair, and the ashes were either placed on the head (Matt 6:16) or sat on (Job 2:8; Jonah 3:6).
6.
Application of the principle of Gen 6:3. ‘My Spirit shall not strive with man forever’
7.
It serves as a warning to the cities into which Jesus sent His forerunners.

10:14. But it will be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon at the judgment than for you.

8.
Gentile nations will be punished, but Jewish cities who got opportunity to hear the gospel will received much more punishment.
9.
What about those who have not heard? The question should be what about those who heard!

10:15. And you, Capernaum, who are exalted to heaven, will be brought down to Hades.

10.
Mentioned 16 times in the gospels. BB Bruce says Capernaum was Jesus’ base for his Galilean ministry (Mat 4:13. And leaving Nazareth, He came and dwelt in Capernaum, which is by the sea, in the regions of Zebulun and Naphtali.
11.
The city was located at an important crossroads used by traders and the Roman army, so a message proclaimed in Capernaum was likely to go far.
12.
Jesus had performed many miracles there, but many people of Capernaum did not understand Jesus’ miracles or believe his teaching.
13.
Capernaum. This was one of the first towns in which Jesus worked a miracle (Luke 4:23. He said to them, “You will surely say this proverb to Me, ‘Physician, heal yourself! Whatever we have heard done in Capernaum, do also here in Your country.’ ”).
14.
Capernaum as His headquarters, Jesus had elevated that city to the heavens; it had unwittingly assumed the function of Heaven in Jesus’ life, for it had become His earthly home. What a tremendous honor had been bestowed on it, yet how insensitive it had been to that honor.
15.
The price for rejecting Jesus who had lived among them and done so many miracles there was to be a fearsome eternal punishment, to be meted out even before the day of judgment, for Hades precedes Hell.
16.
Capernaum was laid waste so thoroughly that archaeologists today are uncertain of its exact site. Today the site of ancient Capernaum is desolate—a stunning picture of Jesus’ words here.

10:16. He who hears you hears Me, he who rejects you rejects Me, and he who rejects Me rejects Him who sent Me.”

17.
Those called of God have a delegated authority from Him. They must respect it, and those to whom they are called should likewise respect it.
18.
The disciples represent Jesus; the messenger cannot be separated from the One who stands at the center of the message.
19.
Ryle says that there is probably no stronger language than this in the New Testament about the dignity of a faithful minister’s office and the guilt incurred by those who refuse to hear his message.

Application

20.
Heavy: KoG is not a trivial matter. Curses against these cities indicated how serious the Lord takes care of the mission of the seventy. Same is true today also.
21.
Honor: The honor which our Lord Jesus Christ gives to his ministers is encouraging. So long as they do their work faithfully, they are worthy of honor and respect for their Master’s sake.
22.
Harsh: Luke made clear that the harshness of judgment is based to a great extent upon whether or not one has been given the opportunity to repent.

10 §153. The Seventy Return: The Blessing in Disguise (Luke 10:17–24)

Introduction

1.
The Seventy Commissioned and sent ahead of all cities that Lord wants to visit before his Crucifixion (Luke 10:1–12). We learned the following principles.

(a)
Time available to fulfill the great commission is short, and hence niceties of life should not hinder it.
(b)
Mission happens in the context of prayer and God’s sovereignty. Success of the mission is workers are raised by the ministry.
(c)
The laborer is worthy of his wages; and the Lord will meet our needs.
(d)
In spite of the rejection, Lord shows compassion to Israel by sending his disciples with the gospel.
2.
The cities that rejected the messengers of the Lord will also be rejected by the Lord (Luke 10:13–16)

(a)
Curses against these cities indicated how serious the Lord takes care of the mission of the seventy.
(b)
The honor which our Lord Jesus Christ gives to his ministers is encouraging.
(c)
The harshness of judgment is based upon whether or not one has been given the opportunity to repent.
3.
The purpose of this portion is to show the spiritual victory over Satan won by the disciples in serving the Lord.

Exposition

17. Then the seventy returned with joy, saying, “Lord, even the demons are subject to us in Your name.”

4.
Recall the terms of the mission was very hard. Now, the result of the mission is joy. That is the beauty of serving the Lord.

18. And He said to them, “I saw Satan fall like lightning from heaven.

5.
Isa 14:12. “How you are fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning! How you are cut down to the ground, You who weakened the nations! Based on Isiah’s prophecy Jews believed that the reign of Satan will end with the coming of Messiah. Jesus in a sense claiming that the rule of Messiah has arrived.
6.
John 12:31. Now is the judgment of this world; now the ruler of this world will be cast out. Col 2:15. Having disarmed principalities and powers, He made a public spectacle of them, triumphing over them in it. Rev 20:2-3. He laid hold of the dragon, that serpent of old, who is the Devil and Satan, and bound him for a thousand years; 3 and he cast him into the bottomless pit, and shut him up, and set a seal on him … Rev 20:10. The devil, who deceived them, was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone where the beast and the false prophet are. And they will be tormented day and night forever and ever.. All these indicates the final victory of Jesus over Satan is certain and these words of Jesus are symbolic of the prophetic fulfilment in the end days.

19. Behold, I give you the authority to trample on serpents and scorpions, and over all the power of the enemy, and nothing shall by any means hurt you.

7.
Jesus delegates his authority over Satan to us and we are assured that the schemes of Satan will not prevail against us. Note that Jesus is not expecting his disciples to handle snakes are scorpions literally, but they are symbolic of the Satan and his fallen angels. In other words, his disciples have great authority over demonic forces. Ironically, they may not have much political authority, but has tremendous spiritual authority.

20. Nevertheless do not rejoice in this, that the spirits are subject to you, but rather rejoice because your names are written in heaven.”

8.
The word rejoice is a command and the grammar suggests that this rejoicing has to be a ongoing one. The real and prime source of this joy is in the fact that we have eternal life.

Darrel Block says: “Ministry with God is a privilege, and access to God’s power is exciting, but the real cause of joy is that we have true and everlasting life before God”.

21. In that hour Jesus rejoiced in the Spirit and said, “I thank You, Father, Lord of heaven and earth, that You have hidden these things from the wise and prudent and revealed them to babes. Even so, Father, for so it seemed good in Your sight.

9.
The joy of the Lord is from inside to outside and that resulted in thanking God.
10.
The knowledge of Messiah and his mission is hidden from the religious elite and the multitude and now it is revealed to these disciples who are common people.
11.
The source of that joy in what God the Father is doing. The sovereign act of the Father results in great joy of the Lord. What is good in God’s sight is the best in our life, irrespective of how we and the world views it.

22. All things have been delivered to Me by My Father, and no one knows who the Son is except the Father, and who the Father is except the Son, and the one to whom the Son wills to reveal Him.”

12.
Now the sovereign work of God the Father is not done alone but in union with the Lord Jesus. Hence, the words and mission of the Lord should be taken seriously.

23. Then He turned to His disciples and said privately, “Blessed are the eyes which see the things you see; 24 for I tell you that many prophets and kings have desired to see what you see, and have not seen it, and to hear what you hear, and have not heard it.”

13.
Blessing of these disciples is great. They should realize their privilege. They are seeing and hearing what great men of the OT like Abraham, Moses, David, etc. desired to see and hear, but couldn’t.
14.
This is true of us too. Apostle Peter put it nicely in his letter. 1 Pet 1:10-12. Of this salvation the prophets have inquired and searched carefully, who prophesied of the grace that would come to you, 11 searching what, or what manner of time, the Spirit of Christ who was in them was indicating when He testified beforehand the sufferings of Christ and the glories that would follow. 12 To them it was revealed that, not to themselves, but to us they were ministering the things which now have been reported to you through those who have preached the gospel to you by the Holy Spirit sent from heaven—things which angels desire to look into.

Application

1.
Joy in ministry (v17): Terms of ministry are difficult, but in the end, there is a reward - tremendous joy.
2.
Authority in ministry (v18-19): Satan is a defeated enemy. Believers should not fear him, rather, exercise the spiritual authority given to us.
3.
Goodness in the sovereignty (v20-21): What God is doing is the best in our life; rejoice in it.
4.
Revelation through serving (v22): Ministry helps us to understand the sovereign work of the God in our life that will give real joy.
5.
Cherish the salvation (v23-24): Most valuable thing of our life is the relation with the Lord. Cherish and be thankful.

11 §154. The Good Samaritan (Luke 10:25–37)

Introduction

1.
One of the most mis-understood parable for it ignores the context.

Exposition

25. And behold, a certain lawyer stood up and tested Him, saying, “Teacher, what shall I do to inherit eternal life?”

1.
Testing: He expected Jesus would contradict the law.
2.
Yet he claims he believed in eternal life. At least, some of them now understand that Jesus is offering spiritual kingdom.
3.
The question: what must ”I do”? Expected an action.

26. He said to him, “What is written in the law? What is your reading of it?”

4.
Lord answered wisely - not denouncing the law.
5.
reading - understanding to distinguish between, to recognise, to know accurately, to acknowledge.
6.
Answer is not an action but an attuide - relationship with God and thers.

27. So he answered and said, “ ‘You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your strength, and with all your mind,’ and ‘your neighbor as yourself.’ ”

7.
Dt 6:5 You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your strength.
8.
Ex 23:4–9. “If you meet your enemy’s ox or his donkey going astray, you shall surely bring it back to him again. 5 If you see the donkey of one who hates you lying under its burden, and you would refrain from helping it, you shall surely help him with it.
9.
Dt 22:1–4 “You shall not see your brother’s ox or his sheep going astray, and hide yourself from them; you shall certainly bring them back to your brother. 4 “You shall not see your brother’s donkey or his ox fall down along the road, and hide yourself from them; you shall surely help him lift them up again.
10.
Is 58:7 Is it not to share your bread with the hungry, And that you bring to your house the poor who are cast out; When you see the naked, that you cover him, And not hide yourself from your own flesh?

28. And He said to him, “You have answered rightly; do this and you will live.”

11.
This is not work based salvation - rather, the answer in the dispensation of law.
12.
Lord appreciated the answer. Bible is not a mysterious book: we can understand its meaning.

29. But he, wanting to justify himself, said to Jesus, “And who is my neighbor?”

13.
Justify himself - Jewsih definition of neighbour is only Jews and excludes Samaritans and Gentiles.
14.
Le 19:16 You shall not go about as a talebearer among your people; nor shall you take a stand against the life of your neighbor: I am the Lord.

30. Then Jesus answered and said: “A certain man went down from Jerusalem to Jericho, and fell among thieves, who stripped him of his clothing, wounded him, and departed, leaving him half dead.

15.
Jerusalem to Jericho - notorious path.

31. Now by chance a certain priest came down that road. And when he saw him, he passed by on the other side.

16.
Priest did not help.
17.
By chance - accidental. May be an opportunity from God or test from God.

32. Likewise a Levite, when he arrived at the place, came and looked, and passed by on the other side.

18.
Levite - serving the priest.

33. But a certain Samaritan, as he journeyed, came where he was. And when he saw him, he had compassion.

19.
Samaritan - most unexpected person.
20.
Attitude before Action.

34. So he went to him and bandaged his wounds, pouring on oil and wine; and he set him on his own animal, brought him to an inn, and took care of him.

21.
Actions.

(a)
So he went to him
(b)
bandaged his wounds
(c)
pouring on oil and wine
(d)
he set him on his own animal
(e)
brought him to an inn
(f)
took care of him.

35. On the next day, when he departed, he took out two denarii, gave them to the innkeeper, and said to him, ‘Take care of him; and whatever more you spend, when I come again, I will repay you.’

22.
two denari - 24 days expense.
23.
whatever more - more than the law demands. Wounded person is not a beggar.

36. So which of these three do you think was neighbor to him who fell among the thieves?”

24.
Agnostic - I don’t know.
25.
Atheist - No mercy, do the duty.
26.
Pantheist - All - mercy is a myth, pain is not real.

37. And he said, “He who showed mercy on him.” Then Jesus said to him, “Go and do likewise.”

27.
Go and do likewise - Inadequacy of the law.

Application

1.
The standard of God is very High: You cannot meet the standard of God by your works. It is impossible for you to fulfil its demand. Obeying of law could not save you because its demand is so high. The Priests and Levites representing the religious system that cannot save you.
2.
Jesus is the hero of Your life: He is the Samaritan (The bad guy - the Samaritain - is the hero!). John 8:48 Then the Jews answered and said to Him, “Do we not say rightly that You are a Samaritan and have a demon?”
3.
Who is my neighbour? (i) One who is in need - so help them. (ii) Opportunities come unexpected - so use them. (iii) Help come from the unexpected - do not trust people, but God who moves the heart of people.

12 §155. Jesus with Mary and Martha - Priority of a Disciple (Luke 10:38–42)

Introduction

1.
This passage is on the priority of a disciple.
2.
Must read in the context of the scribe’s question of the greatest commandment.
3.
Parable of the good Samaritan shows how to love neighbour - focusing on the activity.
4.
This portion shows how to love the Lord - focusing on attitude.
5.
How not to read this passage: (a) not about woman, but of disciple, (b) condemning activity.
6.
Read this passage along with John 11 and 12.

Exposition

38. Now it happened as they went that He entered a certain village; and a certain woman named Martha welcomed Him into her house.

1.
Village is Bethany two miles from Jerusalem.

39. And she had a sister called Mary, who also sat at Jesus’ feet and heard His word.

2.
Sitting at Rabbai’s feet is common and usually for men. Jesus shows that the privilege of hearing and fellowship with him is for both men and woman.

40. But Martha was distracted with much serving, and she approached Him and said, “Lord, do You not care that my sister has left me to serve alone? Therefore tell her to help me.”

3.
Distracted with much serving: tyranny of urgent over important, and the curse of assumption.
4.
Lord, do you not care? Did she realize to whom she is talking to?
5.
Sister has left me to serve alone? Did the Lord asked her serve?
6.
Tell her to help me: crossing the boundary of a disciple.

41. And Jesus answered and said to her, “Martha, Martha, you are worried and troubled about many things.

7.
Martha Martha: affection of the Lord even in rebuke.
8.
Worried and troubled: the real problem is with Martha and not with Mary.

42. But one thing is needed, and Mary has chosen that good part, which will not be taken away from her.”

9.
One thing: priority of listening to the words of Jesus over all the other good things.
10.
Mary has chosen: Decisions in life - choose not the good, but the best.
11.
It will not be taken from her: permanent and eternal benefit of being at the feet of Jesus.

Application

1.
Deal with distraction: Find out what the Lord wants from you.
2.
Deal with relational issues: Explore is there any other divine perspective: about temperament, gifting, calling?
3.
Action and Attitude: Like two wings of a plane that needs to be balanced.

13 §156. Jesus Teaches How to Pray (Luke 11:1–4)

Introduction

1.
Lords Prayer or Disciple’s prayer.
2.
Integral part of discipleship - looking to the Lord.
3.
Prayer is an expression of dependence on the Lord.
4.
It is an expression of community aspect - family of God, not a list of personal needs.
5.
Content of prayer:
(a)
expression of desire for holiness,
(b)
expression of desire for God’s rule in our life and around,
(c)
expression of desire for a life of forgiveness,
(d)
recognition that provision and spiritual protection come from God,
(e)
asking God to work in our heart and,
(f)
seeks to be submissive to his will.

Exposition

1. Now it came to pass, as He was praying in a certain place, when He ceased, that one of His disciples said to Him, “Lord, teach us to pray, as John also taught his disciples.”

1.
Prayer of the Lord - essence of it a communion with Father. It shows priority of His life and should be the same for a disciple.
2.
As John’s disciple: The manner and pattern of prayer gives identity and distinctiveness to the disciple of Jesus.

2. So He said to them, “When you pray, say: Our Father in heaven, Hallowed be Your name. Your kingdom come. Your will be done On earth as it is in heaven.

1.
When: It is not if but when. It indicates that prayer is an integral part of the life of his disciple.
2.
You ... Our: The word ’You’ in Greek is not singular, but plural. Prayer is always in the context of community. Selfishness has no role in the life of a disciple.
3.
Father: The address of the prayer shows both respect for God and intimacy with God. Gentiles prayer is to their creator, but disciples prayer is to their Father. That is relationship with God is the basis of our prayer.
4.
Heaven: While there is intimacy, there is reverence because He is in heaven - or the transcendence of God.
5.
Hallowed be Your name: Deceleration that God is holy, i.e., set apart or distinct from us, or he is unique. Proclamation to make this known to the world around naturally follows this deceleration.
6.
Your kingdom come: It is a deceleration that God’s rule will be on this earth. What was lost in the garden should be restored.
7.
Your will be done on the earth as is in heaven: God’s will is accomplished in this world including ours. Like angel’s fulfill the will of God perfectly in heaven, his disciples should accomplish it on this earth.

3. Give us day by day our daily bread.

1.
Focus is on the material needs of life. More than the content of the prayer is the attitude behind it: that is God is the source of all our need and he care’s for our life.

4. And forgive us our sins, For we also forgive everyone who is indebted to us. And do not lead us into temptation, But deliver us from the evil one.”

1.
Forgive us our sins: Recognise the sinful state of a disciple and the request to forgive to have a vibrant relation with God and others.
2.
For we also forgive everyone who is indebted to us: If I ask for forgiveness from God, I should be willing to forgive others.
3.
In the context of sin, remember few important aspects.

(a)
We live in a sin infested world. Sin should not surprise us, but at the same time it should not be ignored.
(b)
Sin, though done against others, is primarily a rebellion against God’s rule.
(c)
Asking for forgiveness or giving forgiveness is not an easy thing since our pride resists it. It requires humility which the Lord values very much. Pointing finger on others is easy, but to introspect and admitting one’s own fault is painful.
4.
And do not lead us into temptation, But deliver us from the evil one: It is asking for spiritual protection. God is not the one tempting here, but it is acknowledgement that God is able to protect from falling into a temptation. So we must realize that temptation can happen any time. Proverb says: ”A prudent man foresees evil and hides himself; The simple pass on and are punished” (Prov 27:12). We should always be at constant vigil in prayer. In short, ”to avoid sin we must go where God leads and embrace the spiritual wisdom, provision and protection God supplies” (Block says).

Application

1.
Reverence: The prayer is reverently addressed to God the Father recognizing His deity, His immensity and His holiness, while, at the same time, marveling at His grace which allows us insignificant human beings to call Him Father. 1
2.
Priority: This is the prime prayer of the committed, thinking believer. His or her concern is for God’s Kingdom, not personal needs. 2
3.
Transformation: People who sincerely pray this way automatically deny any will of their own which runs counter to God’s will. 3
4.
Generosity: The self-centered element of this model prayer is confined to basic physical necessities. 4
5.
Sanctification: By remembering our sins, confessing them and seeking forgiveness we will be kept sanctified, pure vessels fit for His use so that His will on earth can be done through us if He should so desire. 5
6.
Warfare: Recognizes God’s right to allow Satan to tempt us, which is another way of saying His right to use us in His spiritual warfare against the devil. If, however, we are led into such battle then we are to seek deliverance in God’s power, not in our own feeble strength. 6
7.
Worship: The concluding doxology ascribes to God not only His Kingdom (this surely should keep us eternally humble, for we have nothing and He has everything) but all power and all glory. 7

14 §157. Jesus Teaches About Prayer (Luke 11:5–13)

Introduction

1.
: . ..

Exposition

5 . And He said to them, “Which of you shall have a friend, and go to him at midnight and say to him, ‘Friend, lend me three loaves;

1.
: .

6 . for a friend of mine has come to me on his journey, and I have nothing to set before him’;

1.
: .

7 . and he will answer from within and say, ‘Do not trouble me; the door is now shut, and my children are with me in bed; I cannot rise and give to you’?

1.
: .

8 . I say to you, though he will not rise and give to him because he is his friend, yet because of his persistence he will rise and give him as many as he needs.

1.
: .

9 . “So I say to you, ask, and it will be given to you; seek, and you will find; knock, and it will be opened to you.

1.
: .

10 . For everyone who asks receives, and he who seeks finds, and to him who knocks it will be opened.

1.
: .

11 . If a son asks for bread from any father among you, will he give him a stone? Or if he asks for a fish, will he give him a serpent instead of a fish?

1.
: .

12 . Or if he asks for an egg, will he offer him a scorpion?

1.
: .

13 . If you then, being evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more will your heavenly Father give the Holy Spirit to those who ask Him!”

1.
.

Application

1.
: .

15 §158. Jesus Opens His Judean Ministry Amidst Rejection (Luke 11:14–28)

Introduction

1.
Content of Prayer - Kingdom Focus(Luke 11:1-4)

(a)
expression of desire for holiness,
(b)
expression of desire for God’s rule in our life and around,
(c)
expression of desire for a life of forgiveness,
(d)
recognition that provision and spiritual protection come from God,
(e)
asking God to work in our heart and,
(f)
seeks to be submissive to his will.
2.
Attitude of Prayer - Boldness (Luke 11:5-13)

(a)
Persistence in Prayer
(b)
Certainty in Prayer
(c)
Goodness of God in Prayer
(d)
Intimacy with God in Prayer
(e)
Spiritual preeminence of Prayer
3.
The response of people to Jesus to the Judean ministry (the last six months of Jesus ministry).
4.
This passage is similar to Mathew 12 and Mark 3 however it is a distinct event.
5.
Jesus consistently opposed Satan, especially when he starts a new phase of him ministry.

Exposition

 

14. And He was casting out a demon, and it was mute. So it was, when the demon had gone out, that the mute spoke; and the multitudes marveled.

1.
Another miracle of Jesus, but not much details provided.
2.
Direct attach of Jesus on the devil demonstrating that he is stronger than the devil.
3.
God gives good gifts while the devil destroys the life.

15. But some of them said, “He casts out demons by Beelzebub, the ruler of the demons.”

4.
A serious accusation that Jesus takes the help of Satan for the miracle. An out right rejection that Jesus is Messiah, instead ascribing Jesus is an agent of Satan!
5.
This is the fifth time the accusation came: the first time it was from scribes and now the common crowd showing the influence to Jewish leadership.

16. Others, testing Him, sought from Him a sign from heaven.

6.
The blindness and hard heartedness of people is evident: They are not satisfied with the earthly sign Jesus did. They want something like Moses who brought manna from heaven or Elijah who brought fire from heaven.

17. But He, knowing their thoughts, said to them: “Every kingdom divided against itself is brought to desolation, and a house divided against a house falls.

7.
The Lord’s response to the crowd was milder compare to when the leadership made the same accusation. These are sheep misguided by the false shepherds!
8.
In these verses, the Lord gives logical response to their allegation (not an emotional one!).
9.
Lord, indirectly asserts that he is the king and Satan is his enemy and Satan would never take the help of Jesus.

18. If Satan also is divided against himself, how will his kingdom stand? Because you say I cast out demons by Beelzebub.

10.
It is logically not possible that, if Jesus is Messiah, then Satan would never help Jesus for it is destructive to his kingdom.

19. And if I cast out demons by Beelzebub, by whom do your sons cast them out? Therefore they will be your judges.

11.
Lord’s counter question to trap. They can never say with the help of Beelzebub. If they say, with the help of God, then on what basis they accuse Jesus.

20. But if I cast out demons with the finger of God, surely the kingdom of God has come upon you.

12.
By their own logic, they have to admit that Jesus case out demon with the help of God, then Jesus makes his messianic claim.
13.
The Lord also says that this is indeed a sign from heaven.

21. When a strong man, fully armed, guards his own palace, his goods are in peace.

14.
Strong man is Satan and he happily keep people under his power.

22. But when a stronger than he comes upon him and overcomes him, he takes from him all his armor in which he trusted, and divides his spoils.

15.
Stronger man is Jesus and he asserts his ultimate victory over people.
16.
Jews ascribed great power to demonic forces. Dan 10:12–13. Then he [angel - Michael?] said to me, “Do not fear, Daniel, for from the first day that you set your heart to understand …I have come because of your words. 13 But the prince of the kingdom of Persia withstood me twenty-one days; and behold, Michael, one of the chief princes, came to help me, for I had been left alone there with the kings of Persia.
17.
Jesus shows that his power is much greater than that of archangel.

23. He who is not with Me is against Me, and he who does not gather with Me scatters.

18.
Jesus make it very clear to the multitude that they should take a stand. They can’t be neutral.

24. “When an unclean spirit goes out of a man, he goes through dry places, seeking rest; and finding none, he says, ‘I will return to my house from which I came.’

19.
These verses explains the illustration of the man from whom a devil had been exorcised. The Jewish nation had had a long struggle with idolatry, but subsequent to the deportation of which Daniel had been part, there had been no national idolatry. The nation, then, had cleansed its house by exorcising the demon of idolatry. That was all to the good, but they had not replaced their previous love for idolatry with a love for God, but had merely instituted a formal religion (furnished their house, but not arranged for God to live in it). The folly of Israel was that she had thought of Beelzebub as having only one manifestation, idolatry, whereas he is, in fact, represented by any sin. By refusing the Kingdom of God, they left their house vacant and the devil would return with manifold sins to fill the house (adapted from Edersheim, II:201).
20.
We must not allow any footstool to Satan.

25. And when he comes, he finds it swept and put in order.

21.
If the salvation the Lord has give to is not taken seriously, then more damage will happen.

26. Then he goes and takes with him seven other spirits more wicked than himself, and they enter and dwell there; and the last state of that man is worse than the first.”

22.
There are sins worse than idolatry or even the ones one committed before knowing the Lord.

27. And it happened, as He spoke these things, that a certain woman from the crowd raised her voice and said to Him, “Blessed is the womb that bore You, and the breasts which nursed You!”

23.
The few Judeans who identified with Jesus, was excited with the response Jesus gave. These few understood who Jesus is.

28. But He said, “More than that, blessed are those who hear the word of God and keep it!”

24.
Mary is uniquely blessed. But we can be more blessed than her if we obey the word of god.

.

Application

1.
Sign: Do not ask for proof that God is working in your life. Rather, discern how he is working in and around your life.
2.
Logic: When attacked, do not respond emotionally, but logically with the wisdom/discernment the Lord gives.
3.
Serve: If you are redeemed, do not be idle, do not be complacent serve the Lord, fill the life with activities and devotion to the Lord, else, our life will be miserable.
4.
Blessing: Greater blessing is not in the natural privileges, but in obeying the word of God.

16 §159. Jesus Cautions His Hearers (Luke 11:29–36)

Introduction

1.
One cannot be neutral as far as the claims of Jesus is considered (He who is not with Me is against Me, and he who does not gather with Me scatters. Luke 11:23)
2.
Unclean spirit that leaves a person is compared to be a house kept clean. If it is kept empty may result into a worse state. When we do not respond to God, opportunity becomes tragedy, and the chance for permanent reversal is lost.
3.
Lord corrected the woman that the blessed are those who hear the word of God and obey it and not in any heritage. We love a sensuous, tangible, material Christianity far better than one of faith.

Exposition

 

29. And while the crowds were thickly gathered together, He began to say, “This is an evil generation. It seeks a sign, and no sign will be given to it except the sign of Jonah the prophet.

25.
The neutral people ask for more sign and the Lord calls them as evil generation since in spite of several supernatural demonstration of the power of the Lord, they still want a sign from heaven.
26.
The Lord asserts that the age of sign is passing away except the sign of Jonah refers to the death and resurrection of the Lord Jesus Christ.
27.
What more great sign that the Lord can give to anyone who is seeking the faith? It is foolish to seek for sign for believing in Jesus. The Lord is also pointing to the church age has only one sign - the sign of the cross.

30. For as Jonah became a signto the Ninevehites, so also the Son of Man will be to this generation.

28.
The immediate context of this sign is the preaching of Jonah where both Jonah and Jesus preached the message of repentance.

31 . The queen of the South will rise up in the judgment with the men of this generation and condemn them, for she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and indeed a greater than Solomon is here.

29.
Similarly the admonition of the queen of Sheba matches the warning the Lord is giving to the multitudes. Her response was: Blessed be the Lord your God, who delighted in you, setting you on the throne of Israel! Because the Lord has loved Israel forever, therefore He made you king, to do justice and righteousness.” (1 Ki 10:9).
30.
Lord contrast the response to his ministry to the response to Solomon’s fame Jonah’s preaching in spite of Jesus being the Lord of even Jonah.
31.
The contrast is even more significant when we consider the reluctance of Jonah and imperfections with Solomon.

32 . The men of Nineveh will rise up in the judgment with this generation and condemn it, for they repented at the preaching of Jonah; and indeed a greater than Jonah is here.

32.
Again, Lord contrast the response to his preaching to the response to Jonah’s preaching in spite of Jesus being the Lord of even Jonah.
33.
Also the evidence the people of Nineveh and the queen of Sheba had virtually no sign and in spite of that they turned to the messenger of the the Lord, Jonah and Solomon.
34.
Jesus commended the pagan Queen of Sheba and the Gentile people of Nineveh for listening to God’s messengers—Solomon and Jonah—while at the same time exhorting his Jewish listeners to follow their example and listen to him.
35.
Judgement day is a reality that should always be remembered and should guard against all pitfall of life.
36.
Another proof that old testament stories are not mythologies, but are facts attested by Jesus as authentic historical events.

33 . “No one, when he has lit a lamp, puts it in a secret place or under a basket, but on a lamp stand, that those who come in may see the light.

37.
Lord uses the analogy of a lamp which gives light only when it is kept on the stand. Jesus earlier said that “No one, when he has lit a lamp, covers it with a vessel or puts it under a bed, but sets it on a lamp stand, that those who enter may see the light (Luke 8:16).
38.
The Lord has give light to the world in the sense of revealing the will of the Father to the world and it must be received publicly and not to be ignored.
39.
Remember the pun here: what is more important is not the sign they were seeking, but an eye that is able to see the sign if it were provided!

34 . The lamp of the body is the eye. Therefore, when your eye is good, your whole body also is full of light. But when your eye is bad, your body also is full of darkness.

40.
Lord continues the analogy by comparing the lamp with eye. A healthy eye is a clear or pure eye that takes in the light and benefits from this illumination. Spiritually this refers to the perspective with which we see things and in this context the claims of Jesus.
41.
Eye need to be good implies that we should have a spiritual inclination to understand what the Lord is doing in and around our lives and not to miss his visitation. Such a person will be under the guidance of the holy spirit constantly like Abraham and Moses and David and Paul and Luther and Calvin, who all had their weaknesses and infirmities, but had a desire the please God in their life.

35 . Therefore take heed that the light which is in you is not darkness.

42.
The Lord is warning here that the spiritual insights of our life is should solidly based on the words of Jesus.

36 . If then your whole body is full of light, having no part dark, the whole body will be full of light, as when the bright shining of a lamp gives you light.”

43.
Receptivity in contrast to neutrality is the fact the Lord is conveying from these statements. In sum, we must take in the teaching Jesus offers, for it is our source of spiritual light and spiritual health.

Application

1.
Do not seek signs: The just shall live by faith, no better sign than the resurrection of Jesus.
2.
Judgement: It is a reality and good to visualize this. Do not forget this.
3.
Receptivity: Right spiritual perspective - controlled by the Holy Spirit and confirming to the Scripture.

17 §160. Jesus Condemns the Pharisees (Luke 11:37–54)

Introduction

1.
.
2.
.
3.
.
4.
.

Exposition

  37. And as He spoke, a certain Pharisee asked Him to dine with him. So He went in and sat down to eat.

44.
.
45.
.
46.
.
47.
.

38. When the Pharisee saw it, he marveled that He had not first washed before dinner.

48.
.
49.
.
50.
.
51.
.

39. Then the Lord said to him, “Now you Pharisees make the outside of the cup and dish clean, but your inward part is full of greed and wickedness.

52.
.
53.
.
54.
.
55.
.

40. Foolish ones! Did not He who made the outside make the inside also?

56.
.
57.
.
58.
.
59.
.

41. But rather give alms of such things as you have; then indeed all things are clean to you.

60.
.
61.
.
62.
.
63.
.

42. “But woe to you Pharisees! For you tithe mint and rue and all manner of herbs, and pass by justice and the love of God. These you ought to have done, without leaving the others undone.

64.
.
65.
.
66.
.
67.
.

43. Woe to you Pharisees! For you love the best seats in the synagogues and greetings in the marketplaces.

68.
.
69.
.
70.
.
71.
.

44. Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you are like graves which are not seen, and the men who walk over them are not aware of them.”

72.
.
73.
.
74.
.
75.
.

45. Then one of the lawyers answered and said to Him, “Teacher, by saying these things You reproach us also.”

76.
.
77.
.
78.
.
79.
.

46. And He said, “Woe to you also, lawyers! For you load men with burdens hard to bear, and you yourselves do not touch the burdens with one of your fingers.

80.
.
81.
.
82.
.
83.
.

47. Woe to you! For you build the tombs of the prophets, and your fathers killed them.

84.
.
85.
.
86.
.
87.
.

48. In fact, you bear witness that you approve the deeds of your fathers; for they indeed killed them, and you build their tombs.

88.
.
89.
.
90.
.
91.
.

49. Therefore the wisdom of God also said, ‘I will send them prophets and apostles, and some of them they will kill and persecute,’

92.
.
93.
.
94.
.
95.
.

50. that the blood of all the prophets which was shed from the foundation of the world may be required of this generation,

96.
.
97.
.
98.
.
99.
.

51. from the blood of Abel to the blood of Zechariah who perished between the altar and the temple. Yes, I say to you, it shall be required of this generation.

100.
.
101.
.
102.
.
103.
.

52. “Woe to you lawyers! For you have taken away the key of knowledge. You did not enter in yourselves, and those who were entering in you hindered.”

104.
.
105.
.
106.
.
107.
.

53. And as He said these things to them, the scribes and the Pharisees began to assail Him vehemently, and to cross-examine Him about many things,

108.
.
109.
.
110.
.
111.
.

54. lying in wait for Him and seeking to catch Him in something He might say, that they might accuse Him.

Application

1.
: .
2.
: .
3.
: .

18 §161. Jesus Warns Against Hypocrisy (Luke 12:1–12)

Introduction

1.
Disciples must not put their trust in material things and the people of this world.
2.
The essence of discipleship is fearing God and putting him first.

Exposition

  1. In the meantime, when an innumerable multitude of people had gathered together, so that they trampled one another, He began to say to His disciples first of all, “Beware of the leaven of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy.

1.
Innumerable multitude implies several thousands gathered around Jesus. Jesus popularity is high. That does not mean the Lord is impressed with them for they were not taking a stand for the Lord.
2.
Hence, the following words of Jesus are addressed to his disciples. However, the multitudes are hearing the words of Jesus.
3.
The reason why multitudes are not taking a stand to follow Jesus is because of the leaven of the Pharisees. This refers to the wrong teaching of them, and in this context denying the authenticity of Jesus and the promised messiah.

John 7:11–13. Then the Jews sought Him at the feast, and said, “Where is He?” 12 And there was much complaining among the people concerning Him. Some said, “He is good”; others said, “No, on the contrary, He deceives the people.” 13 However, no one spoke openly of Him for fear of the Jews.

John 9:22. His parents said these things because they feared the Jews, for the Jews had agreed already that if anyone confessed that He was Christ, he would be put out of the synagogue.

4.
The pressure on the disciples who genuinely wanted to follow Jesus would also have been tremendous and Jesus wanted his disciples not to be afraid of them but rather concerned about their relation with the Father.

2. For there is nothing covered that will not be revealed, nor hidden that will not be known.

5.
Referring primarily to the motive so the Pharisees will be exposed on the day of judgment. Now they portray themselves as the religious elite but they will be exposed on the day of the judgment.
6.
This also refers to the lifestyle of Pharisees: an their religion is to impress people. This is the leaven (corruption) of the Pharisees.
7.
This principle of judgment can also refers to the judgment of believers and eternity will reveal how they were precious before the Lord.

3. Therefore whatever you have spoken in the dark will be heard in the light, and what you have spoken in the ear in inner rooms will be proclaimed on the housetops.

8.
We divide our life as public and private. Dark or inner room can refer to our private life hidden from others. Light or rooftop refers to our public life seen by others.
9.
This distinction is only for us, but for God, He sees all alike.
10.
Block says The walls we build up to protect our psyche and rationalize our behavior cannot keep out the eyes of God.

4. “And I say to you, My friends, do not be afraid of those who kill the body, and after that have no more that they can do.

11.
The address My friends show a passionate address of Jesus to his disciples not to fall into the trap of the pressure put by the society around us to confirm us into their mold.
12.
A disciple should always be reminded of the truth that the maximum what the world can do is kill us. They can never touch our souls.

5. But I will show you whom you should fear: Fear Him who, after He has killed, has power to cast into hell; yes, I say to you, fear Him!

13.
This is not a new revelation. The Maccabees wrote Let us not fear him who thinks he kills; for a great struggle and peril of the soul awaits in eternal torment those who transgress the ordinance of God
14.
But the issue is that this truth is often ignored or undermined. Hence, the Lord wants to emphatically convey this truth.

6. “Are not five sparrows sold for two copper coins? And not one of them is forgotten before God.

15.
At the same time the Lord also wants to assure them of his care for them that he is not ignorant of their state.
16.
One copper coin is 1/16 th of a denarius and is equivalent of minimum wage for half an hour.

7. But the very hairs of your head are all numbered. Do not fear therefore; you are of more value than many sparrows.

17.
He knows the number of hairs on one’s body which no body count as something valuable (compared to other parts of the body).
18.
A disciple should never forget the value god placed on us. This is not a inherent value but the value comes from who owns it.
19.
Illustration: The value of a pen is determined by who owns it.

8. “Also I say to you, whoever confesses Me before men, him the Son of Man also will confess before the angels of God.

20.
.

9. But he who denies Me before men will be denied before the angels of God.

21.
.

10. “And anyone who speaks a word against the Son of Man, it will be forgiven him; but to him who blasphemes against the Holy Spirit, it will not be forgiven.

22.
persistent rejection of the Spirit’s testimony about Jesus

11. “Now when they bring you to the synagogues and magistrates and authorities, do not worry about how or what you should answer, or what you should say.

23.
The world may persecute disciples, but Jesus will honor those who seek him.

12. For the Holy Spirit will teach you in that very hour what you ought to say.”

24.
Jesus promises that the Spirit will come to their help.
25.
The disciple may face a hostile world, but loving God means standing up for him.

Application

1.
Transparency: before God.
2.
Treasure: of God.
3.
Testimony: of God.

19 §162. Jesus Warns Against Materialism (Luke 12:13–21)

Introduction

1.
.

Exposition

.

1.
.

2.
.

Application

1.
: .

20 §163. Jesus Warns Against Anxiety (Luke 12:22–34)

Introduction

1.
§161. Warns Against Hypocrisy (Luke 12:1–12)
2.
§162. Warns Against Materialism (Luke 12:13–21)
3.
§163. Warns Against Anxiety (Luke 12:22–34)
4.
§164. Warns Against Indifference (Luke 12:35–40)
5.
§165. Warns Against Abuse of Authority (Luke 12:41–48)

Exposition

 

22. Then He said to His disciples, “Therefore I say to you, do not worry about your life, what you will eat; nor about the body, what you will put on.

1.
Basic needs - food, clothing, and shelter. Not to be worried, but trust.
2.
Lord know that these are needed. Paul also share this. 1 Tim 6:7-10. For we brought nothing into the world, and we can take nothing out of it. 8 But if we have food and clothing, we will be content with that. 9 Those who want to get rich fall into temptation and a trap and into many foolish and harmful desires that plunge people into ruin and destruction. 10 For the love of money is a root of all kinds of evil. Some people, eager for money, have wandered from the faith and pierced themselves with many griefs.
3.
Lord exhort us not to be worried of these things.

Phil 4:6–7. Do not be anxious about anything, but in every situation, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. 7 And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus.

23. Life is more than food, and the body is more than clothing.

4.
What is more important than these? It is relationships. Relation with the creator and the rest of the people.
5.
Committing our basic needs to God is part of our relation with Him. Give us this daily bread means, to have a daily dependence on Him. What we desire is to have riches accumulated so that we do not need any relation with him.

24. Consider the ravens, for they neither sow nor reap, which have neither storehouse nor barn; and God feeds them. Of how much more value are you than the birds?

6.
Three illustrations from nature: ravens (24), lilies (27), grass (28).
7.
Ravens: very common creature, not any value, least appreciated, and considered as unclean in OT.
8.
Psalm 147:9. He provides food for the cattle and for the young ravens when they call. If He care for raven, then he will surely care for you.

25. And which of you by worrying can add one cubit to his stature?

9.
Cubit means length or span. Increasing the height or increasing the life span. Either of the case, worrying can add nothing. Instead, it can only shorten.

26. If you then are not able to do the least, why are you anxious for the rest?

10.
What is Worry or Anxiety? Bock defined: Worry is wasted energy, an emotional investment that yields nothing. Worry actually reflects the tension we have when we feel that life is out of our control; it is the product of feeling isolated in the creation.
11.
Spiritually speaking - opposite of worry is trust.

27. Consider the lilies, how they grow: they neither toil nor spin; and yet I say to you, even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these.

12.
Second illustration: Lilies. How God arrayed them with care! Even the most wise Solomon’s dress was not arranged like this.

28. If then God so clothes the grass, which today is in the field and tomorrow is thrown into the oven, how much more will He clothe you, O you of little faith?

13.
Third illustration - Grass. It is invaluable and transitory, but God’s care is on them. It also shows His great wisdom and power.

29. “And do not seek what you should eat or what you should drink, nor have an anxious mind.

14.
What the Lord is not telling here is not to work for them, but not to be anxious of them. It is very difficult for us, especially to the modern world.

30. For all these things the nations of the world seek after, and your Father knows that you need these things.

15.
Lord wants his disciple to be distinct from the people of the world who are ignorant of the care of God and devoid of relation with him.
16.
We are different from them - they are under the curse of sin and we are redeemed from it.

Gen 3:17. To Adam he said, “Because you listened to your wife and ate fruit from the tree about which I commanded you, ‘You must not eat from it,’ “Cursed is the ground because of you; through painful toil you will eat food from it all the days of your life. 18 It will produce thorns and thistles for you, and you will eat the plants of the field. 19 By the sweat of your brow you will eat your food until you return to the ground, since from it you were taken; for dust you are and to dust you will return.”

31. But seek the kingdom of God, and all these things shall be added to you.

17.
How do I know I am not worrying? Or, If you want to worry, then worry about His Kingdom.
18.
Our priority is different - Lord promises to meet our need.
19.
Worry is double failure
20.
Seeking KoG is double blessing: if we are concerned about His Kingdom, we are blessed both here and there!
21.
Why do we pray for material needs? So that we can turn to matters related to His Kingdom.

32. “Do not fear, little flock, for it is your Father’s good pleasure to give you the kingdom.

22.
Little flock - The words shows the care of God.

33. Sell what you have and give alms; provide yourselves money bags which do not grow old, a treasure in the heavens that does not fail, where no thief approaches nor moth destroys.

23.
A sign of our trust in the care of God is generosity to other.
24.
Selling - how unattached the disciple should be to the possessions of this world.
25.
Two type of treasure: one that corrodes and the other that stays.

34. For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also.

26.
What is your achievement? That will tell where your heart is.

Application

1.
Trust: Deal with Anxiety
2.
Seek: Concerned about His church
3.
Generous: In spending our resources for others

21 §164. Jesus Warns Against Indifference or Laziness (Luke 12:35–40)

Introduction

1.
§161. Warns Against Hypocrisy (Luke 12:1–12)
2.
§162. Warns Against Materialism (Luke 12:13–21)
3.
§163. Warns Against Anxiety (Luke 12:22–34)
4.
§164. Warns Against Indifference (Luke 12:35–40)
5.
§165. Warns Against Abuse of Authority (Luke 12:41–48)
6.
Opposite of anxiety is carelessness or lethargy and is addressed.
7.
Reflection in life - evaluation of various decisions of life.
8.
Prospective if life - looking forward and taking decisions.
9.
Parable of being prepared for the time of his coming is unknown (35–36) and the parable of waiting for the Son of Man and the time of his coming is unexpected (39–40)

Exposition

  35. “Let your waist be girded and your lamps burning;

1.
Waist be girded - Call for urgent and intense action.
2.
Lamps burning - Consistency even at night.
3.
Satan’s strategy - agree with the demands of discipleship, but do it tomorrow: procrastination.
4.
Faith - trusting God for future.
5.
What God will do in future should affect what we will do at present.

36. and you yourselves be like men who wait for their master, when he will return from the wedding, that when he comes and knocks they may open to him immediately.

6.
Parable 1: Men who wait for the master - disciples should be ready for coming of the Lord anytime.
7.
Immediately - a constant and active waiting.
8.
Knocks: Uncertainty of the timing of his coming, but certainty of the encounter.

37. Blessed are those servants whom the master, when he comes, will find watching. Assuredly, I say to you that he will gird himself and have them sit down to eat, and will come and serve them.

9.
Blessedness in waiting (serving) for the master - great value in serving.
10.
Curse in the neglecting of his service
11.
Unbelievable reward - Master himself will serve the servants who are faithful. Servant is elevated to a friend! Psalm 23:5. You prepare a table before me in the presence of my enemies

38. And if he should come in the second watch, or come in the third watch, and find them so, blessed are those servants.

12.
Second or third watch: Deep night and is least expected. There is utter uncertainty of the timing of his coming.

39. But know this, that if the master of the house had known what hour the thief would come, he would have watched and not allowed his house to be broken into.

13.
Parable 2: Analogy of thief - thief comes at an unexpected time.
14.
Lord or his coming is not like a thief to steal; parable focus only on one aspect. There is no one to one correspondence with the thief and the Lord.

40. Therefore you also be ready, for the Son of Man is coming at an hour you do not expect.”

15.
Be ready: Call for action.
16.
You do not expect: Lord is smarter than us. Do not try to read and interpret signs.

Application

1.
Ready: always in serving. Time is unknown and unexpected. It requires faith, commitment, and priority in life.
2.
Reward: for serving is unbelievably great - servant to friend! It should motivate us. Expecting reward is faith in the promise.

22 §165. Jesus Warns Against Abuse of Authority (Luke 12:41–48)

Introduction

1.
Notes:

steward’s job was to serve, not to exercise power

Waiting means action mean constant service to God

reward is responsibility.

Some will do opposite of what Jesus requested -

dismemberment - cut to pieces -

not loosing of salvation - but their unbelief is exposed

second - not acting according to master’s will - many blows

third - does not know - few blows

parallel

Exposition

  41. Then Peter said to Him, “Lord, do You speak this parable only to us, or to all people?”

1.
.

42. And the Lord said, “Who then is that faithful and wise steward, whom his master will make ruler over his household, to give them their portion of food in due season?

2.
Steward: manager, one who is responsible for the church.

43. Blessed is that servant whom his master will find so doing when he comes.

3.
.

44. Truly, I say to you that he will make him ruler over all that he has.

4.
Make him ruler: Reward of the faithful servant.

45. But if that servant says in his heart, ‘My master is delaying his coming,’ and begins to beat the male and female servants, and to eat and drink and be drunk,

5.
Delay: Neither denying his coming nor mystifying, but only when it is not expected.
6.
Eat and drink: characteristic of a fool.

46. the master of that servant will come on a day when he is not looking for him, and at an hour when he is not aware, and will cut him in two and appoint him his portion with the unbelievers.

7.
Portion with unbelievers: hell and is consistent with many scripture portions.

47. And that servant who knew his master’s will, and did not prepare himself or do according to his will, shall be beaten with many stripes.

8.
.

48. But he who did not know, yet committed things deserving of stripes, shall be beaten with few. For everyone to whom much is given, from him much will be required; and to whom much has been committed, of him they will ask the more.

9.
two divine passives, “has been given [by God]” and “will be demanded [by God]” .

Application

1.
: .The blessed hope is still alive and imminent
2.
Existence of false leader (false church) - do not guarantee salvation even to their leaders.
3.

23 §170. Jesus Heals a Cripple on the Sabbath (Luke 13:10–17) Hypocrisy of False Religion

Introduction

(a)
Purpose: The kingdom of heaven is at work in spite of the rejection of the Jewish people.
(b)
Lord came with peace; but conflict is inevitable and deliberate.
(c)
Lord exposes false religion: They try to please God through their religious works. Essence of Jesus teaching was to expose false religion and show what true religion is.
(d)
Lord also exposes the hypocrisy of the Jewish leadership which stems out of their hatred towards Jesus.
(e)
Paradox: they thought the woman is under the bondage of Satan; but in reality, the ruler was in greater bondage of Satan.

Exposition

10. Now He was teaching in one of the synagogues on the Sabbath.

(a)
Synagogues: It is meeting place for instrction and worship. There is no sacrifices which happens only at the temple. It started after the Babylonian captivity.
(b)
Teaching: It was the custom of Jesus to teach in the synagogue. Lord shows the importance of correct teaching in our spiritual life. This is the last recorded visit of Jesus to a synagogue.
(c)
Sabbath Lord honored Sabbath. It is time of rest with God and his people. Rest means, cessation from the daily works for meeting our needs and spending time with Lord and his people.

11. And behold, there was a woman who had a spirit of infirmity eighteen years, and was bent over and could in no way raise herself up.

(a)
Spirit of infirmity: Possible demonic action. Why Satan picked her? How he accomplished that in her life? We don’t know the reason. We don’t need to speculate. It is for the glory of God. God has the power to make even that into a blessing ultimately.
(b)
Bent over: Typical of Luke, it is a medical term. It means that there is bend in the spine of this woman which a real deformity. What we can infer is that there is some connection between the demonic activity and the infirmity this woman had. However, never come to the conclusion that all infirmities are due to demonic action or all demonic action will have physical manifestation.
(c)
Eighteen years …no way raise herself up: the duration and intensity of the sickness gave enhanced the glory of God.
(d)
Note: Jews always associate such sickness are due to God’s punishment of that person’s sin. Hence, they are considered as bad people and do not accept them socially..
(e)
Application: In spite of infirmity and humiliation in the society, she came to worship, she came to honor God. She did not come for healing, she did not come hoping to get something. This is holy worship: Give to the Lord glory and honor especially when life not favorable to us.

12. But when Jesus saw her, He called her to Him and said to her, “Woman, you are loosed from your infirmity.”

(a)
Jesus saw her: mostly she would have been sitting at some corner, not to be seen by Jewish elite.
(b)
Jesus called her: She became the center of attraction and focus point. Satan wants to hide; but Jesus wants to expose him and deliver us from his schemes.
(c)
Woman, you are loosed from your infirmity: The words of Jesus was simple and the result was immediate, which is characteristic of miracles of Jesus. The word ’loosed’ confirms some kind of demonic connection to the sickness, but not demon possession.
(d)
Application: Jesus took the initiative. The woman did not requested for healing. Honor God, just like this woman was honoring God through Sabbath and he will honor you.

13. And He laid His hands on her, and immediately she was made straight, and glorified God.

(a)
Laid his hands: It is an indication of acceptance of this woman, perhaps rejected by the Jews.
(b)
Immediately: This typical of the miracles of Jesus and is not gradual.
(c)
Glorified God: Glorifying God means acknowledge Him as the source of all blessings. In addition, recognize that all blessings are bestowed in accordance with His sovereign purposes.
(d)
Note: We know nothing about her faith. She may or may not have faith, and she may or may not have become a believer, but one thing is certain: the Lord is sovereign over all situations.

14. But the ruler of the synagogue answered with indignation, because Jesus had healed on the Sabbath; and he said to the crowd, “There are six days on which men ought to work; therefore come and be healed on them, and not on the Sabbath day.”

(a)
Ruler of the synagogue: He is the one who oversee the synagogue. He is interested in the religious establishment. He is not concerned about the people. False religion can be brutal.
(b)
Indignation: Intense displeasure. This is not a godly reaction when one person who was suffering for 18 years was healed.
(c)
Said to the crowd: He told this to the crowd probably to distance them from the Lord by portraying him as a false teacher.
(d)
Not on Sabbath day: the basis is Exo 20:10. but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the LORD your God. In it you shall do no work: you, nor your son, nor your daughter, nor your male servant, nor your female servant, nor your cattle, nor your stranger who is within your gates.
(e)
Note 1: My response to the ruler: The why didn’t you do that for the last 18 years. That is exactly is legalism and false religion. It is not able to help the person in any way, but place great burden in following it. Lord hates this.
(f)
Note 2: By the way, is there anywhere written in the OT Law and the Jewish system that one should not heal on Sabbath. In fact, Jewish Mishnah permit animals to be taken for drinking water. so where is the work and where is the Sabbath violation?
(g)
Note 3: Do miracles produce faith? No; it strengthens the faith which God already produced.

15. The Lord then answered him and said, “Hypocrite! Does not each one of you on the Sabbath loose his ox or donkey from the stall, and lead it away to water it?

(a)
Hypocrite: This is plural in Greek indicating that Jesus was addressing it to the Jewish leadership. They are hypocrites because they have double standard. They relax Sabbath rule for less creature and made it stricter for higher creature. Jesus exposed their foolishness.
(b)
Application: Do we have hypocrisy? Examine yourself. One example comes to my mind. Sunday morning little headache. A ’valid’ reason to miss church. Monday morning sever headache. Take a medicine and go to office/college. Is this not hypocrisy? Coming for Bible bible study: just walk empty handed. Going for an entrance coaching: carry text book, note book, pen, pencil etc. When we are diligent in secular matter affecting our life and negligent in spiritual matter affecting the Lord and his people, we are hypocrites. Examine your life, confess and get it right; if not you will be ashamed.

16. So ought not this woman, being a daughter of Abraham, whom Satan has bound —think of it— for eighteen years, be loosed from this bond on the Sabbath?”

(a)
Daughter of Abraham: Human have higher value than animals. All the more she is a daughter of Abraham, that is from the chosen generation.
(b)
Think of it: Lord asking his audience to think, analyses, use the brain and come to proper confusion. The tragedy of God’s people today is that they don’t think! They are like any other religious people or nominal christian.
(c)
Loosed from this bond on the Sabbath: It is appropriate that God should demonstrate his victory over Satan on the Sabbath day? This would be a double blow to Satan and God’s people should actually rejoice in this miracle.
(d)
Note 1: Why Satan picked her? How he accomplished that in her life? We don’t know and don’t try to speculate. But one thing is clear: Lord used it for His glory and a great opportunity to expose false religion.

17. And when He said these things, all His adversaries were put to shame; and all the multitude rejoiced for all the glorious things that were done by Him.

(a)
Ashamed: their hypocrisy was exposed. The true color is revealed. This will be end result when we show hypocrisy in our life.
(b)
Multitudes rejoiced: They were surprised and happy to see a miracle. This doe not mean that they became believers.

Application

(a)
Jesus’ perspective on true religion: This healing is symbolic of the salvation that Jesus gives. The religious system can do nothing, except to condemn and make your life miserable. Gospel can save. Lord offers free gift of salvation. Therefore, receive the free gift of salvation and experience the true religion.
(b)
Woman’s commitment: We don’t know anything about her faith. We don’t know her name. We don’t know from where she come. It doesn’t matter. But one thing that matters is that she honored God even in the midst of all her difficult circumstances. And, she received blessing and honor from the Lord. Likewise, imitate the commitment of this woman in your practical christian life.
(c)
Hypocrisy of the ruler: It exposes his utter inability to heal her and his incompetence show his concern. If he would have prayed fervently for her or take any practical step to help her, he would have rejoiced in this miracle. His indignation is a manifestation of his spiritual bankruptcy. Hence, get rid of your spiritual hypocrisy and escape getting ashamed by the Lord.

24 §171. Kingdom Parables: Growth and Transformation (Luke 13:18–21)

Luke 13:18–21. Then He said, “What is the kingdom of God like? And to what shall I compare it? 19 It is like a mustard seed, which a man took and put in his garden; and it grew and became a large tree, and the birds of the air nested in its branches.” 20 And again He said, “To what shall I liken the kingdom of God? 21 It is like leaven, which a woman took and hid in three measures of meal till it was all leavened.”

Introduction

(a)
Context: Crippled woman was healed; the Jewish leadership rejected Jesus; but the multitudes rejoiced. Lord, wants to assure them that the kingdom will come, albeit its characteristics contrary to their expectations.
(b)
Purpose: His kingdom, though looks very small and faces severe challenges, will grow into a universal movement.

Exposition

  18. Then He said, “What is the kingdom of God like? And to what shall I compare it?

(a)
Kingdom of God: God is establishing his kingdom. It has a physical dimension like that of any other kingdom. The shadow of that we see when David and Solomon ruled Israel. The full physical manifestation of is going to come only in the millennium. It also has a spiritual dimension. Kingdom of God a group of people who accept Jesus as God and king of their life. Jews were looking for the physical fulfillment of God’s kingdom. But they refused to believe that Jesus is the king of the kingdom they were longing for.
(b)
To what shall I compare it? The question implies the difficulty in explaining the spiritual reality through any physical means. Hence, the Lord spoke several parables; each teaching some aspects of the spiritual nature of this kingdom. Nevertheless, we should not forget the promise Jesus gave concerning this matter. John 14:26. But the Helper, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in My name, He will teach you all things, and bring to your remembrance all things that I said to you. Lord is able to teach even an uneducated with the truths of his kingdom.

19. It is like a mustard seed, which a man took and put in his garden; and it grew and became a large tree, and the birds of the air nested in its branches.”

(a)
Note: Some give a negative interpretation that the birds of the air refers to the false teaches coming to the church. The context of this parable, here as well as in Mathew 13, gives a strong positive flavor to this parable.
(b)
Mustard seed: Smallest of all the garden plants of those days. It shows the smallness of the seed contrasting the largeness of the tree later.
(c)
Man: Typically work in the field and responsible for outdoor activity.
(d)
Grew: There is life in the seed. It has the potential to grow. This is characteristics of the kingdom of God on the earth.
(e)
Large tree: Some species of the mustard plant grow up to about 10 meters. Though this may not be as big as cedar or pine or other trees in the forest, comparison should be made to the smallness of the seed.
(f)
birds of the air nested in its branches: Two old testament portions are helpful in understanding this. Dan 4:12. Its leaves were lovely, Its fruit abundant, And in it was food for all. The beasts of the field found shade under it, The birds of the heavens dwelt in its branches, And all flesh was fed from it. This refers to gentiles taking refuge in the Babylonian kingdom of Nebuchadnezzar. Ezek 17:23. On the mountain height of Israel I will plant it; and it will bring forth boughs, and bear fruit, and be a majestic cedar. Under it will dwell birds of every sort; in the shadow of its branches they will dwell. 24 And all the trees of the field shall know that I, the LORD, have brought down the high tree and exalted the low tree, dried up the green tree and made the dry tree flourish; I, the LORD, have spoken and have done it”. All these indicate that the kingdom the Lord is establishing will be a universal one and gentiles will be a part of it.

20. And again He said, “To what shall I liken the kingdom of God?

(a)
Again: Above parable is not sufficient to portray the characteristics of his kingdom and hence Jesus spoke another parable.

21. It is like leaven, which a woman took and hid in three measures of meal till it was all leavened.”

(a)
Note: Just like the previous parable, some give a wrong interpretation that the leaven refers to the false teaching that will permeate the church. The context of this parable here as well as in Mathew 13 shows that this parable also has positive message.
(b)
Leven: Though leaven us used negatively in some places, here is it positive. Such a usage is not unusual. For example, the word lion is used for both Satan as well as Jesus (1 Pe 5:8. devil walks about like a roaring lion; Rev 5:5. But one of the elders said to me, “Do not weep. Behold, the Lion of the tribe of Judah …).
(c)
Woman: Typically work inside home. As side point: the Lord observes and approves what a woman does inside home; though not seen by others. If fact he likened her work to that of his kingdom.
(d)
hid: The work of the gospel is hidden; not very obvious to the external world.
(e)
three measures is a very large quantity compared to the virtually insignificant quantity of yeast.
(f)
All leavened: Though the work of the yeast is hidden and slow, its effect is significant and evident. Similarly, the transforming work of the gospel is slow and hidden, but it has the power to transform a large quantity.

Application

(a)
Seed and Leven: They show the contrast between the Israel and the Church. Old testament principles and promises concerning Israel as a theocratic nation should not be applied to the New testament Church which is the body of Christ. E.g. Priest, Political power, etc.
(b)
Mustard Seed: The extensive growth of the church. Humble beginning but proud culmination. Church has the potential to grow and to be blessing the people. Is my church growing? If not, what can I do for it?
(c)
Leven: The intensive transformation, though hidden, it will be evident and significant. Church has the power to transform the lives of the people and even to that of nations. Is the gospel transforming my and people around me?
(d)
Man and Woman: both has a role, though different. Lord, approves our secular work. In fact, that gives some insights to the working of his kingdom. How can I glorify the Lord through my profession?

25 §172. Jesus Claims to Be God (John 10:22–39)

Introduction

1.
.

Exposition

 

22. Now it was the Feast of Dedication in Jerusalem, and it was winter.

(a)
Now: Jesus completes his Judean ministry and starts his Parean ministry.
(b)
Feast of Dedicaton: Macacbean victory.
(c)
Winter::

23. And Jesus walked in the temple, in Solomon’s porch.

(a)
.

24. Then the Jews surrounded Him and said to Him, “How long do You keep us in doubt? If You are the Christ, tell us plainly.”

(a)
.

25. Jesus answered them, “I told you, and you do not believe. The works that I do in My Father’s name, they bear witness of Me.

(a)
.

26. But you do not believe, because you are not of My sheep, as I said to you.

(a)
.

27. My sheep hear My voice, and I know them, and they follow Me.

(a)
.

28. And I give them eternal life, and they shall never perish; neither shall anyone snatch them out of My hand.

(a)
.

29. My Father, who has given them to Me, is greater than all; and no one is able to snatch them out of My Father’s hand.

(a)
.

30. I and My Father are one.”

(a)
.

31. Then the Jews took up stones again to stone Him.

(a)
.

32. Jesus answered them, “Many good works I have shown you from My Father. For which of those works do you stone Me?”

(a)
.

33. The Jews answered Him, saying, “For a good work we do not stone You, but for blasphemy, and because You, being a Man, make Yourself God.”

(a)
.

34. Jesus answered them, “Is it not written in your law, ‘I said, “You are gods” ’?

(a)
.

35. If He called them gods, to whom the word of God came (and the Scripture cannot be broken),

(a)
.

36. do you say of Him whom the Father sanctified and sent into the world, ‘You are blaspheming,’ because I said, ‘I am the Son of God’?

(a)
.

37. If I do not do the works of My Father, do not believe Me;

(a)
.

38. but if I do, though you do not believe Me, believe the works, that you may know and believe that the Father is in Me, and I in Him.”

(a)
.

39. Therefore they sought again to seize Him, but He escaped out of their hand.

(a)
.

Application

1.
: .

___________    End of Document     _______________________________________