Contents

1 Introduction

1.1 Importance of this study

Ignorance of this topic can result into three dangers.

1.

Hinders growth: A person may think that he is not competent to do God’s work, seeing the life of seemingly successful Christians and be content as a silent spectator in the church and ministry. This prevents the believer to grow mature and be an effective servant of the Lord.

2.

Spiritual burn-out: A person, on the other hand, may think that he is gifted in all areas of the ministry and may try to do all things by himself, thus burdening himself beyond what the Lord expects and also preventing others to grow in the ministry.

3.

Distorted Ministry The true nature and effectiveness of the church is minimized, as much of the potential is not utilized for the ministry of the church. The church is reduced like a sports event which is played by few and watched by a multitude.

A proper understanding of the spiritual gifts enables every single believer to have a fulfilled ministry, and the church will be much more effective in fulfilling its mission.

1.2 Caution to maintain brotherly love

The Christendom is confused and divided on the issue of spiritual gifts. The confusion is regarding the use of certain spectacular gifts. A better understanding of the gift will help in understanding the true nature of the gift and its usage. The intent is not to ridicule those brothers differing on this matter, but lovingly helping them to see the full picture. A person may be doctrinally correct, but if he is not careful in his conduct, he can be worse than an unbeliever. Christian virtues like love, humility, and gentleness should be guarded without compromising biblical truths.

1.3 Principles of Studying the Bible

Many of the contentious issues can be resolved if a proper and rigorous method of studying the Bible is followed. Key points to keep in mind are given as following:

1.

Accurate Interpretation: Accurate interpretation of the bible is a strong exhortation. Don’t spiritualize or allegorize biblical texts. Find what the authors meant and how the audience understood. This will be the meaning of the text. Studying this required understanding the context of each passage.

2 Tim. 2:15. Be diligent to present yourself approved to God, a worker who does not need to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth

2.

Rigorous Study: Avoid superficial study Although many portions of scripture are simple, others are hard. It is possible that people can twist the scripture (as some already do) and arrive at wrong conclusions. I am not here to give my personal view or opinion of a verse or a portion teaching, but instead what the spirit of God communicates through the biblical text.

2 Pet. 1:20. Knowing this first, that no prophecy of Scripture is of any private interpretation ...

2 Pet. 3:16. as also in all his [Paul’s] epistles, speaking in them of these things, in which are some things hard to understand, which untaught and unstable people twist to their own destruction, as they do also the rest of the Scriptures

3.

Sola Scripture: Scripture is the sole basis of deriving spiritual truths. Only Bible is inerrant and infallible. Experience only illustrates the truth. Experience is not evil, but experience should be legitimate by the truth of the scripture.

2 Features of the spiritual gifts

2.1 Definition

Spiritual gifts are services that the Holy Spirit is doing through the believer and using him/her to do it. It is the manifestation of the Holy Spirit. It is neither what a believer does with the help of Holy Spirit nor is it augmentation of the natural talent

1 Cor. 12:7. But the manifestation of the Spirit is given to each one for the profit of all

Spiritual gift or charismata is an extraordinary power distinguishing certain Christians and enabling them to serve the church of Christ, the reception of which is due to the power of divine Grace operating in their life by Holy Spirit (Theyer).

2.2 Characteristics

Some important characteristics of the spiritual gifts includes the following:

1.

Fruit of the spirit is an inward state while the gift of the Spirit is an outward service.

2.

Greek word of gift is charisma which is closely related to the word charis which means grace.

3.

Spiritual gift is not an office of service in the church, but it is to be operated everywhere.

4.

Spiritual gift is different from natural talent although they could overlap.

5.

Talent is God given at birth through parents for the benefit of self and mankind. Examples include brilliance, health, strength, linguistic, musical, mechanical, etc.

6.

Skills are acquired by training and learning. Examples include cooking, driving car, language, playing an instrument, etc.

7.

Spiritual Gift is God given at spiritual birth through Christ for believers in general, and the church in particular. Gifts are recognized and developed later as believers grows to maturity.

8.

There are four key passages in the bible covers these aspects

Rom. 12:4-8. For as we have many members in one body, but all the members do not have the same function, 5 so we, being many, are one body in Christ, and individually members of one another. 6 Having then gifts differing according to the grace that is given to us, let us use them: if prophecy, let us prophesy in proportion to our faith; 7 or ministry, let us use it in our ministering; he who teaches, in teaching; 8 he who exhorts, in exhortation; he who gives, with liberality; he who leads, with diligence; he who shows mercy, with cheerfulness

1 Cor. 12:4-11. There are diversities of gifts, but the same Spirit. 5 There are differences of ministries, but the same Lord. 6 And there are diversities of activities, but it is the same God who works all in all. 7 But the manifestation of the Spirit is given to each one for the profit of all: 8 for to one is given the word of wisdom through the Spirit, to another the word of knowledge through the same Spirit, 9 to another faith by the same Spirit, to another gifts of healing by the same Spirit, 10 to another the working of miracles, to another prophecy, to another discerning of spirits, to another different kinds of tongues, to another the interpretation of tongues. 11 But one and the same Spirit works all these things, distributing to each one individually as He wills

Eph. 4:7-11. But to each one of us grace was given according to the measure of Christ’s gift. 8 Therefore He says: ”When He ascended on high, He led captivity captive, And gave gifts to men.” ... 11 And He Himself gave some to be apostles, some prophets, some evangelists, and some pastors and teachers, 12 for the equipping of the saints for the work of ministry, for the edifying of the body of Christ

1 Pet. 4:10-11. As each one has received a gift, minister it to one another, as good stewards of the manifold grace of God. 11 If anyone speaks, let him speak as the oracles of God. If anyone ministers, let him do it as with the ability which God supplies, that in all things God may be glorified through Jesus Christ, to whom belong the glory and the dominion forever and ever. Amen

2.3 Distribution of Spiritual gift

1.

Spiritual gifts are distributed by the risen Christ who is the head of the church to be used for building up of his church

Eph. 4:11. And He [Jesus] Himself gave some to be apostles, some prophets, some evangelists, and some pastors and teachers

2.

Spiritual gifts are distributed by Holy Spirit at His sovereign will

1 Cor. 12:11,18. one and the same Spirit works all these things, distributing to each one individually as He wills. 18 But now God has set the members, each one of them, in the body just as He pleased

3.

God knows the best gift for a believer and He has given it already. All that is needed is to stop complaining and start believing. One needs to accept it and start using it.

4.

Distributed to the whole body of church. It is normal that not all gifts are observed in a local assembly. For example, apostleship, which is a foundational gift, is available to the universal church

1 Cor. 1:7. so that you come short in no gift …

Eph. 2:20. having been built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ Himself being the chief cornerstone

5.

Each believer has at least one gift and no believer is bestowed with all gifts

1 Pet. 4:10. As each one has received a gift, minister it to one another, as good stewards of the manifold grace of God

1 Cor. 12:. But the manifestation of the Spirit is given to each one for the profit of all

2.4 Discovery and development

1.

Extreme views should be avoided:

(a)

gifts are not needed, only maturity matters, everyone has to do all things,

(b)

don’t serve unless you are fully sure that you have the gift.

2.

Bible does not exhort us to pray for a gift but discover your gift, and use the gift given already.

3.

God has given a total package of gifts including natural talents, acquired skills and spiritual gifts. Discovering and development of these will help use them effectively.

4.

Hence, one needs to prepare himself by taking every opportunity, sharpen abilities, acquire skill, and develop gifts. One needs to be willing and active in the Lord’s work. Gifts are discovered and developed by doing.

5.

It is possible to ignore, misuse, or abuse spiritual gift

1 Cor. 14:6. For God is not the author of confusion but of peace, as in all the churches of the saints

6.

To have a proper balance:

(a)

Nature and use of gifts of Holy Spirit must be strictly guided by the scripture,

(b)

Recognize the distinction of the apostolic age verses post-apostolic age

(c)

Gifts operated all throughout the church history must be important.

2.5 Additional notes:

1.

Sovereign bestowed and not man seeking

1 Cor. 12:11. But one and the same Spirit works all these things, distributing to each one individually as He wills

2.

Scripture is not clear on when spiritual gifts are given to a believer, but scripture is clearly silent on any command or examples of praying or seeking a spiritual gift.

3.

Baptism of Holy Spirit is equivalent of spiritual birth where spiritual gifts are received and this is analogous to natural birth where talents are received.

4.

All gifts are important. It is a matter of proper use and development rather than desiring for additional gifts

1 Cor. 12:27. Now you are the body of Christ, and members individually

Rom. 12:5. so we, being many, are one body in Christ, and individually members of one another

5.

Every believer and his/her gift is important to the Lord and just like every member of my body is important to me. Hence, each one has to use them

1 Cor. 12:21-22. the eye cannot say to the hand, ”I have no need of you”; nor again the head to the feet, ”I have no need of you.” 22 No, much rather, those members of the body which seem to be weaker are necessary

1 Pet. 4:10. As each one has received a gift, minister it to one another, as good stewards of the manifold grace of God

6.

Gifts differ in value

1 Cor. 12:28. God has appointed these in the church: first apostles, second prophets, third teachers, after that miracles, then gifts of healings, helps, administrations, varieties of tongues

7.

Some gifts are greater, and some are lesser. Prophecy is greater than tongue

1 Cor. 14:5. I wish you all spoke with tongues, but even more that you prophesied; for he who prophesies is greater than he who speaks with tongues, unless indeed he interprets, that the church may receive edification

8.

Some gifts are more effective while some are less essential

1 Cor. 14:19. yet in the church I would rather speak five words with my understanding, that I may teach others also, than ten thousand words in a tongue

9.

Spiritual gifts seems to be less connected with the spirituality of a person. Spiritual gifts are abused as we have seen in I Corinthians 14.

10.

Gift does not make a person better, but its use motivated by love and humility makes a person greater.

11.

Gifts are to be used in love for the benefit of other believers. In other words, spiritual gifts are a wonderful way of showing our love to others.

3 List of spiritual gifts

3.1 List of spiritual gifts

1.

Apostleship (I Cor. 12:28; Eph. 4:11)

2.

Prophecy (Rom 12:6, I Cor. 12:10, I Cor. 14:3; Eph. 4:11)

3.

Miracles(I Cor. 12:28)

4.

Healing (I Cor. 12:9,28,30)

5.

Tongues (I Cor. 12:10)

6.

Interpretation (I Cor. 12:10)

7.

Evangelism (Eph. 4:11)

8.

Pastor Teacher (Act 20:28, Eph. 4:11)

9.

Serving (Rom 12:7, I Cor. 12:28, Eph. 4:12)

10.

Teaching (Rom 12:7, I Cor. 12:28, Eph. 4:11)

11.

Faith (I Cor. 12:9)

12.

Exhortation (Rom. 12:28)

13.

Distinguishing spirits (I Cor. 12:10)

14.

Showing Mercy (Rom 12:8)

15.

Giving (Rom. 12:8)

16.

Administration (Rom 12:8, I Cor. 12:28)

17.

Wisdom (I Cor. 12:8)

18.

Knowledge (I Cor. 12:8)

3.2 Classification of spiritual gifts

1.

Based on the Gender: No distinction except apostleship and regulation of women’s speaking in the church (1 Cor 14:34, 1 Tim 2:11-14).

2.

Based on the Nature: Speaking and Serving.

(a)

Speaking: The speaking gifts includes: Apostle, Prophesy, Teaching, Evangelism, Exhorting, Tongues, Interpretation, and discerning of gifts.

(b)

Serving: The rest of the gifts.

3.

Based on the Duration:

(a)

Temporary: Foundational-Apostleship, prophecy (new revelation), discerning of spirits, word of wisdom, and word of knowledge

(b)

Confirmatory: miracles, healings, tongues and interpretation

(c)

Permanent: faith, teaching, prophecy (no new revelation, only forth telling), helps, administration, exhortation, giving, mercy, evangelism.

4 Description of the spiritual gifts

4.1 Gift of Apostleship (apostolos)

A person who has the capacity to speak with great authority in matters of faith and practice by virtue of his intimate knowledge of Christ’s teaching and direct revelation through the spirit.

1.

Apostle of Jesus Christ: Eye witness of the resurrected Lord Jesus and called directly by the Lord or Holy Spirit. List include the twelve and Paul. It is a strict sense of the gift and does no longer exist today.

2.

Qualities on an Apostle:

(a)

Chosen directly by the Lord or Holy Spirit (Mat. 10:12. These twelve Jesus sent out and commanded them ..., Mark 3:13. He went up on the mountain and called to Him those He Himself wanted. And they came to Him. 14 Then He appointed twelve, that they might be with Him and that He might send them out to preach, Luke 6:13. , Act 9:6. And when it was day, He called His disciples to Himself; and from them He chose twelve whom He also named apostles:, Act 9:15. But the Lord said to him, ”Go, for he is a chosen vessel of Mine to bear My name before Gentiles, kings, and the children of Israel., Act 22:10. So I said, ”What shall I do, Lord?’ And the Lord said to me, ”Arise and go into Damascus, and there you will be told all things which are appointed for you to do., Rom 1:1. Paul, a bondservant of Jesus Christ, called to be an apostle, separated to the gospel of God)

(b)

Has sign gifts and miraculous power (Mat. 10:1. when He [Jesus] had called His twelve disciples to Him, He gave them power over unclean spirits, to cast them out, and to heal all kinds of sickness and all kinds of disease, Act 5:15-16. so that they brought the sick out into the streets and laid them on beds and couches, that at least the shadow of Peter passing by might fall on some of them. 16 Also a multitude gathered from the surrounding cities to Jerusalem, bringing sick people and those who were tormented by unclean spirits, and they were all healed, Act. 16:16-18. ... Paul ... said to the spirit, ”I command you in the name of Jesus Christ to come out of her.” And he came out that very hour, Acts. 28:8-9. And it happened that the father of Publius lay sick of a fever and dysentery. Paul went in to him and prayed, and he laid his hands on him and healed him. 9 So when this was done, the rest of those on the island who had diseases also came and were healed)

(c)

Proclaim Kingdom and Judgment (Mat. 10:5-6. These twelve Jesus sent out and commanded them, saying: ”Do not go into the way of the Gentiles, and do not enter a city of the Samaritans. 6 But go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel, Mat. 19:28. Then Peter answered and said to Him, ”See, we have left all and followed You. Therefore what shall we have?” 28 So Jesus said to them, ”Assuredly I say to you, that in the regeneration, when the Son of Man sits on the throne of His glory, you who have followed Me will also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel)

(d)

Laid foundation to the church and revealed its mysteries (Eph. 3:1-12. I, Paul, the prisoner of Christ Jesus for you Gentiles– 2 if indeed you have heard of the dispensation of the grace of God which was given to me for you, 3 how that by revelation He made known to me the mystery (as I have briefly written already ..., Eph. 2:20-22. having been built on the foundation of the apostles)

(e)

Eye witness to the resurrected Lord (Act. 1:22-26. beginning from the baptism of John to that day when He was taken up from us, one of these must become a witness with us of His resurrection ... 25 to take part in this ministry and apostleship from which Judas by transgression fell, I Cor. 9:1. Am I not an apostle? Am I not free? Have I not seen Jesus Christ our Lord? Are you not my work in the Lord?, I Cor. 15:7-8. After that He was seen by James, then by all the apostles. 8 Then last of all He was seen by me also, as by one born out of due time.)

3.

Apostle of the church: a delegate or messenger sent forth with order or called for missionary purpose. This list include rest of the Apostles mentioned in the bible and it continues today. Biblical list includes:

(a)

Barnabas (Act. 14:14. the apostles Barnabas and Paul heard this, Gal. 2:9)

(b)

James (Cor. 15:7, Gal. 1:19. I saw none of the other apostles except James, the Lord’s brother)

(c)

Apollos (I Cor. 4:6,9. I think that God has displayed us [Paul, Apollos], the apostles,)

(d)

Silvanus and Timothy (I Thes. 1:1. Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy, To the church of the Thessalonians ... 2:6 ... when we might have made demands as apostles of Christ)

(e)

Epaphoroditus (Phil. 2:25. ... Epaphroditus, my brother, fellow worker, and fellow soldier, but your messenger [apostol] ...)

(f)

Unnamed brothers (2 Cor. 8:23. If anyone inquires about Titus, he is my partner and fellow worker concerning you. Or if our brethren are inquired about, they are messengers [apostols] of the churches, the glory of Christ.)

(g)

Adronicus and Junia (Rom. 16:7. Greet Andronicus and Junia, my countrymen and my fellow prisoners, who are of note among the apostles)

The avoid confusion, many use the term missionary to denote the apostle of the church.

4.2 Gift of Prophecy (prophteia)

1.

Gift of prophecy is a capacity to receive and speak forth spiritual truth given by the direct revelation from God (I Cor. 12:10,28. to another the working of miracles, to another prophecy, to another discerning of spirits, to another different kinds of tongues, to another the interpretation of tongues, 28 And God has appointed these in the church: first apostles, second prophets, third teachers, after that miracles, then gifts of healings, Rom. 12:6. Having then gifts differing according to the grace that is given to us, let us use them: if prophecy, let us prophesy in proportion to our faith, I Cor. 14:1-40)

2.

Elements include: (i) must receive message from God in the form of direct revelation, (ii) must have divine guidance in the declaration of this revelation, and (iii) messenger must bear witness of the authority of God.

3.

Characteristics of OT prophets: spoke for God, warned of judgment, interpreted current events, predicted future, and many are national characters. NT prophets are more personal and individual. True prophet must be error free.

4.

Need of this gift: To facilitate doctrinal transition from OT to NT when NT was not written and authoritative source of revelation of God’s will during this time. Operated under apostolic authority.

5.

Once NT is completed, this gift is no longer required as scripture prohibits any new revelation for the church (Rev. 22:18-19. For I testify to everyone who hears the words of the prophecy of this book: If anyone adds to these things, God will add to him the plagues that are written in this book; 19 and if anyone takes away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God shall take away his part from the Book of Life, from the holy city, and from the things which are written in this book, Jude 3. Beloved, while I was very diligent to write to you concerning our common salvation, I found it necessary to write to you exhorting you to contend earnestly for the faith which was once for all delivered to the saints, 2 Tim. 3:16-18. All Scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness, 17 that the man of God may be complete, thoroughly equipped for every good work, Heb. 2:1)

6.

Examples: Agabus (Act. 11:27-28, Act 21:10-11), Barnabas, Simeon, Lucius, Manaen, Paul (Act 13:1).

7.

Scripture also warns of false prophets (Jer. 14:14. And the LORD said to me, ”The prophets prophesy lies in My name. I have not sent them, commanded them, nor spoken to them; they prophesy to you a false vision, divination, a worthless thing, and the deceit of their heart, Ezk. 13:2-9. ”Son of man, prophesy against the prophets of Israel who prophesy, and say to those who prophesy out of their own heart, ”Hear the word of the LORD!”’ 3 Thus says the Lord GOD: ”Woe to the foolish prophets, who follow their own spirit and have seen nothing! 4 O Israel, your prophets are like foxes in the deserts. 5 You have not gone up into the gaps to build a wall for the house of Israel to stand in battle on the day of the LORD. 6 They have envisioned futility and false divination, saying, ”Thus says the LORD!’ But the LORD has not sent them; yet they hope that the word may be confirmed. 7 Have you not seen a futile vision, and have you not spoken false divination? You say, ”The LORD says,’ but I have not spoken.” 8 Therefore thus says the Lord GOD: ”Because you have spoken nonsense and envisioned lies, therefore I am indeed against you,” says the Lord GOD. 9 ”My hand will be against the prophets who envision futility and who divine lies; they shall not be in the assembly of My people, nor be written in the record of the house of Israel, nor shall they enter into the land of Israel. Then you shall know that I am the Lord GOD, Mat. 7:22-23. Many will say to Me in that day, ”Lord, Lord, have we not prophesied in Your name, cast out demons in Your name, and done many wonders in Your name?’ 23 And then I will declare to them, ”I never knew you; depart from Me, you who practice lawlessness!’, Mat. 24:23-27. For false christs and false prophets will rise and show great signs and wonders to deceive, if possible, even the elect. 25 See, I have told you beforehand). Hence, a prophet can or should be tested (I John 4:1-3. Beloved, do not believe every spirit, but test the spirits, whether they are of God; because many false prophets have gone out into the world. 2 By this you know the Spirit of God: Every spirit that confesses that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is of God).

4.3 Gift of Healing (iama)

1.

Ability to heal (any or all) diseases miraculously by a person. (I Cor. 12:9, 28, 30). There is a categorical difference between the healings in the bible and the contemporary healings. The characteristics of the healings accomplished by Jesus and apostles were:

(a)

Instantaneous (Mark 1:42. As soon as He had spoken, immediately the leprosy left him, and he was cleansed)

(b)

Complete (Mat. 14:36. and begged Him that they might only touch the hem of His garment. And as many as touched it were made perfectly well)

(c)

Permanent (Mat 14:36)

(d)

Organic and not psychological (Mk. 1:40. Now a leper came to Him, imploring Him, kneeling down to Him and saying to Him, ”If You are willing, You can make me clean.”)

(e)

Recipients were unbeliever’s who did not know Jesus (John 9:18-19. 18 But the Jews did not believe concerning him, that he had been blind and received his sight, until they called the parents of him who had received his sight. 19 And they asked them, saying, ”Is this your son, who you say was born blind? How then does he now see?”)

(f)

Purpose was not to relieve people (Luke 5:15-16. However, the report went around concerning Him all the more; and great multitudes came together to hear, and to be healed by Him of their infirmities. 16 So He Himself often withdrew into the wilderness and prayed)

(g)

Always successful including raising the dead (ultimate success)

2.

The purpose of such healing was to confirm the messenger and his message when the scripture was not completed (John 3:2. This man came to Jesus by night and said to Him, ”Rabbi, we know that You are a teacher come from God; for no one can do these signs that You do unless God is with him.”, Act. 2:22. Men of Israel, hear these words: Jesus of Nazareth, a Man attested by God to you by miracles, wonders, and signs which God did through Him in your midst, as you yourselves also know, Heb. 2:3. how shall we escape if we neglect so great a salvation, which at the first began to be spoken by the Lord, and was ctextredconfirmed to us by those who heard Him, 4 God also bearing witness both with signs and wonders, with various miracles, and gifts of the Holy Spirit, according to His own will?). In this sense the gift of healing ceased as its purpose was accomplished.

3.

However, God does heals today, not through a gifted person, but as an answer to prayer. God may or may not heal depending on His sovereign will, but a believer is exhorted to pray and look for His mercy.

4.

McRae says that the contrast between NT healing and present day healing put the latter in a separate class.

5.

Walwoord says that while gift of healing is no longer bestowed, God is able to heal in answer to prayer and faith. It is possible that some Christian may have unusual experience in answer to prayer for healing, and yet, it seems healing as gift is not committed unto man.

4.4 Gift of Miracles (dynamis)

I Cor. 12:28. What are miracles? Why God did there miracles? Do miracles happen today? Can Satan perform miracles? If he does, how can it be distinguished? These are some questions that need to be addressed in order to understand this gift.

1.

First, what are miracles? To some, it is an answer to prayer (getting a job), to some they are divine operations (unusual success in a project), to some they are supernatural work (born-again), and to others they are anything amazing (birth of a baby). Miracles in the bible were

(a)

always successful,

(b)

always instantaneous,

(c)

subject to the sense of perception (objective demonstration and not some feelings),

(d)

independent of the faith of the recipients,

(e)

miracle worker seems to do miracles at their will, and

(f)

clear evidence that miracles took place (not even refuted by enemies).

(g)

impossible to explain.

Miracles in the bible were extraordinary in nature and were rare. It was impossible by the normal laws of nature or the normal abilities of man. They resulted in awe and wonder even to the enemies of God. Hence, a miracle in a strict sense is defined as an extraordinary work performed by the immediate power of God in the external perceivable world which is an act against nature which only God can do.

2.

Second, why God did miracles?

(a)

Miracles were rare events, but concentrated on certain times. For instance, in the OT, several miracles happened at the time of creation, then during flood, then when the law was given, and during the time of Elijah and Elisha. Between these major events, there is large junk of time where miracles seem to be absent. Similarly, the miracles performed by Jesus were unique in the human history, like feeding the multitude, walking over water, converting water to wine, etc. Miracles accomplished through apostles were also of similar order.

(b)

Miracles were a display of divine power with a view of authenticating His agent through which God is accomplishing something new. OT miracles generally occurred when law was given and later when prophets were introduced. NT miracles attest Jesus as the Messiah and his apostles were special people authorized to lay the foundation of the church (essentially the NT).

(c)

Miracles were referred as might works (dunamis) or signs (samia) and wonder. Signs point to or signify something of important value. Hence, what is important is not the miracles, but to what it is pointing. Hence the purpose of the miracles are confirmatory. Gift of miracles available to the apostles points to their authority in writing NT and once that is accomplished the gift has no role. Apostolic age is different from today.

3.

Third, do miracles happen today? The gift of miracle is no longer today and there is no designated miracle worker. However, God’s power is not limited and He still does great things as answer to the prayer or in His mercy. Nonetheless, these miracles are not of the same degree or order as that of the biblical ones. There is a qualitative difference between the biblical miracles and the great works of God today (a better word would be the providence of God). The latter does not violate any natural laws and can be regularly expected (E.g. life of George Muller). Although every conversion is a real miracle happening today, we normally don’t call them miracles primarily to distinguish them from the biblical ones.

4.

Fourthly, can Satan perform miracles? If God used miracle to confirm his message or his agent, and if a non-agent (not sent by God) also does the same, then the credibility of Jesus and his apostles would be at stake. So Satan cannot perform miracles of the biblical order for he is not God, however, he can have cheap imitations within his power. A classic example is Moses and magicians. Both could convert a rod to a snake, but Moses’ snake swallowed the rest (Ex. 7:10. ... Aaron cast down his rod before Pharaoh and before his servants, and it became a serpent. 11 But Pharaoh also called the wise men and the sorcerers; so the magicians of Egypt, they also did in like manner with their enchantments. 12 For every man threw down his rod, and they became serpents. But Aaron’s rod swallowed up their rods). So the former was a miracle and latter was a magic or pseudo miracle (Mat. 24:24. For false christs and false prophets will rise and show great signs and wonders to deceive, 2 Thes. 2:9. The coming of the lawless one is according to the working of Satan, with all power, signs, and lying wonders). Another example is the Roman Catholic claim of several miracles like the visitation of Mary and blood oozing from saints. A careful examination of them will show that they do not fall into biblical category. However, it may be difficult for a common person to distinguish them. Therefore, today we evaluate all claims based on the Word of God which is complete and authentic test.

4.5 Gift of Tongues (glssa)

I Cor. 12:10. Gift of tongue is a supernatural ability to speak in a known language which is unlearned. Although the speaker has never learned the language, it is understood by others. The most controversial topic in the study of the Holy Spirit is the gift of tongues. Charismatic and moderate Pentecostals believe that gift of tongues is in operation now and manifested as ecstatic talks either to be used in the public worship or private prayer. Many Pentecostals believe it as second experience after the conversion and is the evidence of baptized by the Holy Spirit. Conservative view is that it is sign gift like miracles and healing, and is not relevant in post apostolic period. Five major reasons are listed below.

1.

Gift of Tongue indicate it is a known language. Reasons include:

(a)

the use of the word tongue (glossa) is used in the bible to refer to the organ tongue or a language,

(b)

the use of the word interpret associate with tongue is used for translating known language,

(c)

on the day of Pentecost people heard what was spoken in tongue indicate it was a language (Acts 2:6. And when this sound occurred, the multitude came together, and were confused, because everyone heard them speak in his own language),

(d)

it is highly unlikely Luke and Paul would have used the word tongue in different senses,

(e)

if the tongue was ecstatic talk it would not have any impact on the people,

(f)

the ecstatic talk was a characteristic perversion of pagan religion and the same could not have been a legitimate use among believers, and

(g)

Paul says the tongue is a fulfilment of the prophecy by Isiah (I Cor. 14:21. 21 In the law it is written: ”With men of other tongues and other lips I will speak to this people; And yet, for all that, they will not hear Me,” says the Lord. 22 Therefore tongues are for a sign, not to those who believe but to unbelievers;). This prophecy about the strange tongue was the language of the Assyrians, unfamiliar to the Jews (Isa. 28:11-12. For with stammering lips and another tongue He will speak to this people, 12 ... Yet they would not hear, Jer. 5:15. Behold, I will bring a nation against you from afar, O house of Israel, says the LORD. It is a mighty nation, It is an ancient nation, A nation whose language you do not know, Nor can you understand what they say).

2.

Gift of tongue is not for every believer.

(a)

The scope of this gift like any other gift were not meant for everyone (I Cor. 12:19,30. And if they were all one member, where would the body be? 30 Do all have gifts of healings? Do all speak with tongues? Do all interpret? 31 But earnestly desire the best gifts. And yet I show you a more excellent way).

(b)

Some statements where Paul wishes every believer to speak in tongues were not commands, but were superlative language to show the importance of prophecy over tongues.

(c)

Jesus’ statement that all who believe in him will speak in tongues was not universal (Mark 16:17. And these signs will follow those who believe: In My name they will cast out demons; they will speak with new tongues; 18 they will take up serpents; and if they drink anything deadly, it will by no means hurt them; they will lay hands on the sick, and they will recover”). If it were so, then all believers should have drunk poison or lifted up deadly serpents. There is no explicit command in the bible to all believers to speak in tongues.

3.

Gift of tongue is distributed sovereignly by the Holy Spirit (I Cor. 12:11). Bible is against praying for tongues or any other gift. However, statement such as earnestly desire greater gifts (1 Cor. 12:31, 14:1) exhorts not to go after tongues. Further, they are exhortations to the church (plural in Greek) to use gifts that edify most.

4.

Gift of tongue is not for self-edification. All spiritual gifts including tongue is not for personal edification, but for the benefit of the church (1 Cor. 12:7. He who speaks in a tongue edifies himself, but he who prophesies edifies the church. 5 I wish you all spoke with tongues, 1 Cor. 13:5. ... [Love] does not seek its own ...). The statement by Paul that a person speaking in tongue edifies himself (1 Cor. 14:4) indicate only pseudo edification just like a person with gift of evangelism edifies himself!

5.

Gift of tongue is primarily a sign to unbelieving Jews.

(a)

The primary purpose of tongue was to serve as a sign to the Jews, who did not believe the gospel and hence the judgment of God is near, just like Isaiah warned the Israelite.

(b)

The secondary purpose of tongue is that it is sign of blessing to the believing Jews and Gentiles, which show that they are now partakes of the same privilege of being in God’s kingdom.

(c)

The tertiary purpose of tongue is that, along with other sign gifts, it validates Apostles who laid the foundation of the church (Heb. 2:3-4).

4.6 Gift of Teaching

1.

Marked by keen interest in studying the WoG including personal study, disciplines, language studies, principles of interpretation, history, geography, theology, etc.

2.

Ability to communicate truth clearly and accurately, and application.

3.

Rom. 12:7. or ministry, let us use it in our ministering; he who teaches, in teaching;, I Cor. 12:28,29. And God has appointed these in the church: first apostles, second prophets, third teachers ... 29 Are all apostles? Are all prophets? Are all teachers?, Eph. 4:11. And He Himself gave some to be apostles, some prophets, some evangelists, and some pastors and teachers, Application: Act. 18:11,26. And he [Paul] continued there a year and six months, teaching the word of God among them 26 So he [Apollos] began to speak boldly in the synagogue. When Aquila and Priscilla heard him, they took him aside and explained to him the way of God more accurately.

4.

Explain and apply truth already received to church. Does not claim any superior knowledge, but ability to explain.

5.

All taught by the illumination of the Holy Spirit.

4.7 Gift of Help (Ministering, or service)

1.

Unusual capacity of serve faithfully behind the scene, to assist in the work of the Lord and encourage and strengthen spiritually.

2.

Ref. Rom. 12:7. or ministry, let us use it in our ministering (serve), I Cor. 12:28. God has appointed these in the church: first apostles ... helps, administrations ...

3.

Application:

(a)

Phobe (Rom. 16:1. I commend to you Phoebe our sister, who is a servant of the church in Cenchrea),

(b)

Serve food (Act. 6:1-4. Now in those days, when the number of the disciples was multiplying, there arose a complaint against the Hebrews by the Hellenists, because their widows were neglected in the daily distribution. 2 Then the twelve summoned the multitude of the disciples and said, ”It is not desirable that we should leave the word of God and serve tables. 3 Therefore, brethren, seek out from among you seven men of good reputation, full of the Holy Spirit and wisdom, whom we may appoint over this business; 4 but we will give ourselves continually to prayer and to the ministry of the word.”

(c)

Onesiphoros (2 Tim. 1:16. ... Onesiphorus, for he often refreshed me, and was not ashamed of my chain; 17 but when he arrived in Rome, he sought me out very zealously and found me.

(d)

Help or support of weak (Act. 20:35. I have shown you in every way, by laboring like this, that you must support the weak).

4.

Do not desire limelight and are often the backbone of an effective church. Support: mat, clean, printing, food arrangements. (illustration: ”Willian carey sister: prayer help, support letter”).

4.8 Gift of Administration

1.

Given to few to rule or govern (Rom. 12:8. ... he who leads, with diligence; he who shows mercy, with cheerfulness, I Cor. 12:28. And God has appointed these in the church: first apostles, second prophets, third teachers ... helps, administrations, varieties of tongues).

2.

All Christians are of same level of privileged, but some have greater authority.

3.

A God given capacity to organize and administer the efficiency and spirituality, the project is completed satisfactorily, harmoniously and evident blessing.

4.

A good example is Elder who should be able to rule or manage (I Thes.5:12. And we urge you, brethren, to recognize those who labor among you, and are over you in the Lord and admonish you, 1 Tim. 3:4-5. one who rules his own house well, having his children in submission with all reverence 5 (for if a man does not know how to rule his own house, how will he take care of the church of God?)).

5.

Able to give vision and direction, organize and direct to a goal, do orderly, promote work of God and growth of the church.

6.

E.G. Joseph, Daniel, Nehemiah, Titus seems to have this gift (Tit. 1:5. For this reason I left you in Crete, that you should set in order the things that are lacking, and appoint elders in every city as I commanded you).

7.

Not necessarily an elder, but organize events, activities, etc.

4.9 Gift of Evangelism

1.

Effective preaching of the gospel message to the unsaved (Eph. 4:11. And He Himself gave some to be apostles, some prophets, some evangelists, and some pastors and teachers, 12 for the equipping of the saints for the work of ministry, for the edifying of the body of Christ).

2.

Teaching is to the saved while Evangelism is to the unsaved.

3.

Teacher has the knowledge of the gospel, but ability to teach does not imply effective delivery of the gospel.

4.

All are called to gospel work, some are gifted (2 Tim. 4:5. But you be watchful in all things, endure afflictions, do the work of an evangelist, fulfill your ministry.

5.

Gospel with exceptional clarity and overwhelming burden. He or she has: (i) Passion for the soul (ii) Clear understanding of Gospel which is not a man-centric, but God centered, (iii) with clarity to present the Gospel, and (iv) great joy in people coming to the Lord (John 4:32. But He said to them, ”I have food to eat of which you do not know).

6.

NT examples include Paul, Philip (Act 8:26, 21:8), etc. Church history has Moody, Graham, etc.

7.

It can be public, Face-to-face, house-to-house (private), etc. Personal evangelism is a rule, but public is an exception.

4.10 Gift of Exhortation

1.

Different from teaching. It appeals for action. Practical aspects of teaching.

2.

Rom. 12:8. he who exhorts, in exhortation; he who gives, with liberality; he who leads, with diligence; he who shows mercy, with cheerfulness.

3.

Complements teacher: Teacher (Do you see that),

4.

It has two dimension: (i) Prospective (exhortation), (ii) Retrospective (consolation). Exhortation (You do that now).

5.

Exhortation: Jude 3. Beloved, while I was very diligent to write to you concerning our common salvation, I found it necessary to write to you exhorting you to contend earnestly for the faith which was once for all delivered to the saints.

6.

Encouragement: Heb. 6:18. that by two immutable things, in which it is impossible for God to lie, we might have strong consolation, who have fled for refuge to lay hold of the hope set before us.

7.

Best example: Barnabas (Act. 4:36. And Joses, who was also named Barnabas by the apostles (which is translated Son of Encouragement),, Act. 9:27. when Saul had come to Jerusalem, he tried to join the disciples; but they were all afraid of him, and did not believe that he was a disciple. 27 But Barnabas took him and brought him to the apostles. And he declared to them how he had seen the Lord on the road, and that He had spoken to him, and how he had preached boldly at Damascus in the name of Jesus, Act. 15:39. Barnabas was determined to take with them John called Mark).

4.11 Gift of Pastor-teacher

1.

General care of Christian flock.

2.

Eph. 4:11.

3.

Pastor is equivalent to shepherd, who leads, protects, provide, and care.

4.

Supernatural gift!

5.

First duty is to feed. More than social need, teach WoG.

6.

Only dual gift: One gift with two dimension.

7.

Verb: Illustration

8.

Act 20:28-31 to Ephesian elders.

9.

Act. 20:28-31. Therefore take heed to yourselves and to all the flock, among which the Holy Spirit has made you overseers, to shepherd the church of God which He purchased with His own blood. 29 For I know this, that after my departure savage wolves will come in among you, not sparing the flock. 30 Also from among yourselves men will rise up, speaking perverse things, to draw away the disciples after themselves. 31 Therefore watch, and remember that for three years I did not cease to warn everyone night and day with tears.

10.

I Pet. 5:1-5 to elders in Asia.

11.

1 Pet. 5:1-5. The elders who are among you I exhort, I who am a fellow elder and a witness of the sufferings of Christ, and also a partaker of the glory that will be revealed: 2 Shepherd the flock of God which is among you, serving as overseers, not by compulsion but willingly, not for dishonest gain but eagerly; 3 nor as being lords over those entrusted to you, but being examples to the flock; 4 and when the Chief Shepherd appears, you will receive the crown of glory that does not fade away

12.

Used in context of elders as their function.

13.

To shepherd implies:

14.

i. Feed/nourish: balanced diet.

15.

ii. Lead: tp path of blessed life and away from evil.

16.

One could be a gifted teacher and not pastor.

17.

Pastor: love and care for the people or flock.

4.12 Gift of Giving

1.

A believer with this gift has the capacity to give out of his subsistence to the work of the Lord/people consistently, liberally, sacrificially, wisely, and cheerfully, so that others are encouraged or blessed. Not reserved for the wealthy. 2 Cor 8:2, Phil 4:11-16.

2.

Issue is not the abundance, but ability. Focus is on the Lord’s work and poor and needy.

3.

Showing mercy (Rom 12:8). Focus sick and afflicted with various needs. Mercy: readiness of mind promptness.

4.

Recipients may not be able to pay back like poor, aged, or ill.

5.

Mercy: sympathy, understanding, compassion, patience, sensitivity, people passing through severed stress anxiety.

6.

He gives his time, privacy, home, heart, family are shared. He finds his joy and fulfillment. Every one should show mercy.

7.

Barnabas: Acts 9:27.

4.13 Gift of Faith

1.

I Cor. 12:9. Heb 11:1. Definition. Assurance of things hoped for, conviction of things not seen.

2.

Believes some things need to be done and believes that God will do it through him even though it looks impossible. Man of vision, dreams great dreams, takes great task for God; great movements and institutions for God.

3.

Different from saving faith which is a gift of God (Eph. 2:8-9).

4.

Stephen Act 6:5, Hudson Taylor, George Muller, Bill Bright,

4.14 Gift of Wisdom

1.

A believer with gift of wisdom has a special ability for receiving, knowing, and presenting the wisdom of God.

2.

I Cor. 12:8. What is wisdom? Taking a clue from I Cor. 2:6-12 wisdom is the whole set of revealed truth from God and present it to the people of God. Comparing V6-10, V28-30, since gift of wisdom is placed top in the list along with apostleship and prophets and the first place in the three list; many consider it was a characteristic gift of the apostles and prophets.

3.

Nevertheless, I would put people like Augustine, Jerome, Athantius, Calvin, Luthur, etc. in this category.

4.15 Gift of Knowledge

1.

Ability to understand correctly and to exhibit clearly the spiritual wisdom of God revealed to and by the apostles.

2.

Just as teachers are to receive the revelation from apostles and prophets and teach accurately and but their placement in the above list, many conclude this was characteristic of a teacher.

3.

Nevertheless, I would like to put people like Chafer, Ryrie, Carson, FF Bruce etc poses the gift of Knowledge.

5 Application of Spiritual Gifts

5.1 Discovering spiritual gifts

1.

Prerequisite:

(a)

Born again,

(b)

Abide in Christ,

(c)

Filled with Holy Spirit, and

(d)

willingness to discover and develop.

2.

Importance:

(a)

Help in taking good decision (finding God’s will) in life,

(b)

Help in setting right priorities in life,

(c)

Encouraged in ministry by avoiding extremes of involving in all or nothing,

(d)

Identifying areas of training and improvement, and

(e)

Helps in appreciating others ministries

3.

Practical steps of discovering:

(a)

Ask God (Phil 4:6-7),

(b)

Study about the gifts,

(c)

Desire for the use of gifts (Phil 2:13, Ps 37:4, I Tim. 3:1),

(d)

Active in ministry.

(e)

Train to improve gifts,

(f)

Conformation from mature believer (Prov. 11:14, 15:22), and

(g)

joy and fulfillment in doing.

(h)

Right prayer: Help me to discover and develop the gift you have given already rather than asking for the one I do not have (Eph. 4:7, I Cor. 12, 7, 11, I Pet 4:10).

5.2 Developing spiritual gifts

5.2.1 Own spiritual gifts

1.

By exercise: Involve in all possible activates. Practice make perfection. Don’t jump to conclusions due to initial failures.

2.

By evaluation: Avoid self-evaluation in early days. Ask feedback from mature. Be open to correction, dont be insecure, arrogant, or fearful. Mature believes should give constructive criticism and appropriate commendation.

3.

By education: Acquire good resources and trainings.

5.2.2 Others’ spiritual gifts

1.

In the church: God’s workshop for our life.

(a)

The responsibility lies with gifted men (Eph. 4:11-12) by repairing and preparing,

(b)

The method involves preaching God’s word, personal counseling, and practical demonstration

(c)

The purpose is unity , maturity, and conformity (Eph. 4:13-16)

2.

In the home: God’s primary institution and believer’s first priority.

(a)

husband-wife. Take effort in identifying and develop the gift of the spouse.

(b)

parent-child. Parents to be sensitive to children and gifts of the children can be identified and trained at home.

6 Exposition of 1 Cor. 12-14

I.

Uniqueness of Spiritual Gifts (12:1-3): While it is possible that the external forces can produce counterfeit gifts, the source of the genuine one, characterized by a willingness to acknowledge Jesus as the Lord with conviction of mind and devotion of soul is the Holy Spirit.

II.

Unified Source of Spiritual Gifts: The Triune God (12:4-11): While there are different gifts, ministries, or manifestations, the unique source is the triune God. Holy Spirit sovereignly distribute these gift(s) to every believer for the purpose of mutual edification.

III.

Unified Nature of Spiritual Gifts: A Spiritual Body (12:12-31a)

(a)

Declaration of Unity (12:12-13): Since the common source of diverse spiritual gifts is God, the result of it is also a common organism. The illustration used to declared this is the Body of Christ. This is like one physical body composed of diverse members. Each member is inducted into the body through the ’baptism of the Holy Spirit’.

(b)

Interrelation because of Unity (12:14-26)

i.

Need for lesser members (12:14-20): Due to diverse manifestation of the spiritual gifts, there is a danger of underestimating the importance of certain gifts. Every member is an integral and important part of the body.

ii.

Neediness of greater members (12:21-24a)

iii.

Provision for mutual concern (12:24b-26)

(c)

Utilization for Unified Output(12:27-31a)

IV.

Unquestioned Superiority of Spiritual Fruit: Love (12:31b-13:13)

(a)

Preeminence of Love (12:31b-13:3)

(b)

Perfections of Love (13:4-7)

(c)

Permanence of Love (13:8-13)

i.

Permanence stated (13:8a)

ii.

Permanence contrasted with temporary gifts (13:8b-12)

A.

Passing of gifts (13:8b)

B.

Partial nature of spiritual gifts (13:9)

C.

Replacing of gifts (13:10-12)

iii.

Permanence clarified (13:13)

V.

Unified Purpose of Spiritual Gifts: Edification (14:1-36)

(a)

Edification Through Prophecy: Unconditional (14:1-5)

(b)

Edification Through Tongues: Conditional(14:6-19)

i.

The profitless use: without interpretation (14:6-12)

ii.

the profitable use: with interpretation (14:13-19)

(c)

Proper Place for Tongues and Prophecy (14:20-25)

(d)

Proper Procedures with Tongues and Prophecy (14:26-33a)

i.

General: edification, not confusion (14:26)

ii.

Tongues regulated (14:27-28)

iii.

Prophecy regulated (14:29-33a)

(e)

Woman in Worship (14:33b-36)

VI.

Unified Perspective of Spiritual Gifts: Orderly Conduct (14:37-40)

(a)

Divine Authority (14:37-38)

(b)

Decent Application (14:39-40)